Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Library research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Library research - Essay Example Jimenez, E., Tejeda, A., Blanco, J. and Martinez, E. â€Å"Application of lean production with VSM to the Rioja wine sector.†International Journal of Production Research 50.7 (2012): 1890-1904. Print. The article reports on a study on the use of lean production in wine sector in La Rioja. Its subject, lean production is a theory that aims at achieving economic utilization of resources towards optimum production levels, is a topic in operations management. The authors focus on lean production in a different sector from the theory’s traditional industry of application and investigate potential use of the lean production theory for economic utility of resources in the La Rioja’s wine sector towards optimum benefits. Operations management however defines management of processes in production and transportation of goods and services to users and this incorporates lean production concepts at the management’s production stage. The authors identify significance o f lean production in attaining competitiveness and efficiency and the fact that lean production has not been popular in many sectors. The theory establishes and eliminates all activities and processes in a production that do not benefit the process. Using Main Stream Mapping, the authors demonstrates applicability of lean production in La Rioja’s wine sector with the objective of making inference from the results. Lean production was developed in Japan’s motor vehicle industry but its advantages such as lower change periods, better working environments, quality workforce and accurate improvement initiatives has extended its popularity and application in other industries. Results show â€Å"reduction in raw materials†that â€Å"clarifying and quality test process†aids as well as lower inventory level for the organizations in the region’s wine sector. A number of benefits to the sector are attributed to the lean production strategy and examples inc lude lower overall production lead-time that can reduce by up to 60 percent, lower cost of raw materials from reduced volume, and this decrease can be as much as 13 percent of an organization’s expenditure on raw materials. The production approach also reduces losses and depreciation in materials’ value over the production process and facilitates communication between involved parties and departments in a production process. Improved efficiency in space and equipment utilization and better allocation of human resources across the production process are other identified benefits from the study. The results are valid because of their simulation in the target population with positive outcomes (Jimenez, Perez, Blanco and Martinez 1890- 1902). The article demonstrates the role of operations management, through lean production, in organization’s production efficiency and profitability. It identifies efficiency through improvements in production activities and processe s such as economical utility of time, space and human resource and improved quality that is also a result of the efficiency. This corresponds to the overall management objective, considering operations management as a branch of management, of reducing overall costs and improving overall revenues. The article therefore explains the role of oper
Monday, October 28, 2019
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Soldiers in Iran Essay Example for Free
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Soldiers in Iran Essay Abstract            The conditions of post-traumatic conditions have been one of the major side effects on soldiers engaging wars and negative environment in the area of Iran. The psychological impact of this event involves various manifestations that prove to be non-beneficial and may even impair the psychological, mental, emotional and physical health of these soldiers. Even though the condition is widely known, the advent of social conflicts and emerging wars in the Pakistani- Iran environment has continuously caused the negative trauma among soldiers facing the threats. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD) in Soldiers in Iran Introduction            In general psychological perspective, soldiers who engage in war with exposure to at least one battle can suffer trauma. The longer the exposure to war’s traumatic circumstances the deeper the post-traumatic sense of a life-death continuum that rests at the heart of the PTSD syndrome. Soldiers with exposure to trauma would experience various post-traumatic states. In a military culture that emphasizes courage under fire, counterphobic impulsivity would dominate as the ideal mental and emotion state, and promoted the aggressive personality. Each soldier has a breaking point at which phobia breaks through. In some cases, phobia dominated from the beginning. The point at which the soldier’s spirit broke would lead to a state pf phobic withdrawal. In either case, the exposure to battle or an environment where death and dying by implements of war were common would create a life-death continuum (Reid, 2001 p.427).            As soldiers rotated home or were sent home wounded, difficulties became apparent. While many came home and resumed their lives, some brought home drug dependencies and emotional problems, including explosive anger, distrust of others and vigilance beyond what was considered normal. The problems came to the attention of the medical groups, Andover time, doctors and psychiatrists began to elaborate on the concept of traumatic stress and PSTD (Roberts, 2003 p. 6). The most immediate effects of traumatic scenarios are manifested in the sensory that causes overload through sudden exposure to the bewildering, often exotic details of a much less advanced and alien society. Iran-American soldiers are both victims of the traumatic events experienced in the war; thus, engages these individuals in PSTD. Discussion PSTD: An Overview            What is now referred to as PSTD has been around since recorded history under many different designations and description, and the most prominent manifestations are for those individuals who engage in traumatic events, such as war and deviant phenomenon (Lewis, 2006 p,63). PSTD occurs in response to the personal experience of overwhelming, terrifying, potentially lethal stress directed toward oneself or someone with whom the individual has a close attachment. The condition is a unique mental disorder that develops directly as a result of exposure to some type of trauma (Lewis, 2006 p,62). Examples of possible precipitations of PSTD would include severe automobile accidents, being raped or assaulted, and being exposed violent events. The individual then re-experiences the event in various ways, such as recurrent stressful recollections of the event, dreams of the event, and a sense that the traumatic event may be occurring again. The individual then attempts to avoid such cues in different methodologies, such as numbing of responses or becoming distant and removed (Mitchell, 2001 p.107).            In the field of traumatic stress studies, it has been common, if not traditionally accepted, to define trauma by the nature of the stressors that influence the individual. Psychologically traumatic event can be construed as one in which the person has experienced an external stressor event that is injurious to the normal state and results in a condition that reflects this injury to the pre-traumatic state of being (Lewis, 2006 p,62-63). Thus, the injury caused by a traumatic event could produce varying degrees of distress to the victim for varying lengths of time, depending on the nature of the person, the nature of the traumatic experience, and the personal and social resources available for recovery and re-stabilization of the psychological state (Williams, 1994 p.7). PSTD is an unusual emotional disorder in that unlike disorders, such as depression and panic disorder, it is not defined simply in terms of its symptoms. To qualify for a diagnosis of PSTD, an individual must be exposed to an incident in which he or she feels that his or her life, safety, or emotional integrity has been seriously threatened. Often, for victims who have experienced a traumatic event, they may first be diagnosed with an adjustment disorder or an acute stress disorder (Lewis, 2006 p,62). Wars have provided a setting where large numbers of soldiers, subjected to varying degrees of stress, could be observed and studied by physicians of the period. The stress caused by war has been codified and labeled with such terms as: combat exhaustion, traumatic war neurosis, war or combat stress and, most recently, PSTD (Scrignar, 1991 p.87). Assessing traumatic experiences and understanding their impact on the trauma victim involve determining what is stored in the trauma network. While keeping the stimulus, response, and meaning dimensions in mind, the clinician should listen carefully to the clients account of the trauma, and then inquire explicitly about memory elements that are absent or de-emphasized (Williams, 1992 p.24). PSTD symptoms are generally grouped into three categories (Lewis, 2006 p,63) Re-experiencing includes disturbed sleep, intrusive memories, distressing dreams, nightmares, flashbacks, reliving the event, a view of the world as unsafe. Numbing and avoidance mistrust of others, isolation and disconnection, emotional or psychic numbness, low self-esteem, neglect of health, dissociation, ability to remember memories or feelings but not both, memory loss for certain events, loss of faith and hope. Hyperarousal – intense emotions, difficulty sleeping, panic and anxiousness, self-harm, risky behaviors, irritability, anger, difficulty concentrating. PSTD: Sufferings of the Soldiers            In the aftermath of September 11, many parents and educators have struggled to help young people cope with traumatic events and have sought out ways to teach about crises without causing more trauma and stress. The conflict between Iran and United States has been pushed to its very limits; hence, initiated catastrophic moves during 2001 up to present, which caused the another class of America-Iran war. Many studies conducted by the American Psychiatric Association indicated that many American soldiers experience post-traumatic stress disorder, which follows a psychologically traumatic event outside of the range of usual human experiences. The symptoms may include nightmares, depression, withdrawal, hopelessness, sleep disorders, and other somatic complaints. The terrorism of September 11, 2001, and its association with Afghanistan have only added to the stress faced by the soldiers as well as the refugees living in the area as well as United States (Andrews and Boyle, 2002 p.328).            Military psychologists have long known that fear, stress, and exhaustion cause more casualties than do bombs and bullets. The ratios of psychological to physical casualties can be enormous considering the fact that war-related trauma is potentially severe, repeated and prolonged. Many American soldiers who fought for Iran and Afghanistan war during terrorism counter-siege have experienced immense manifestations psychological torture. According to psychological analysts, the primary goal of terrorism is to inflict psychological trauma for political ends. The exploitation of terror for political purposes is hardly new, when the French government employed terrorism to buttress the revolution (Allen, 2005 p.9).            According to statistics issued by United States Army of mental health, 76% of soldiers have been traumatized by deaths or severe injuries of individuals close to them, while 55% of the soldiers have experienced near-death situations (e.g. bomb explosions, bomb trap, and roadside explosions). These causations have been deemed as the primary contributor to the occurrence of the said conditions (Weinstein, 2006). The table below shows the decline and rise of lethality, fatality and psychological trauma caused by the terrorism in the surveyed American military force. Table 1. Decline and Rise of Lethality, Fatality and Psychological Trauma Caused by the Terrorism Year U.S Dept. of State # Incidents U.S. Dept. of State # of Fatalities U.S Dept. of State #. Psychologically Traumatized 1994 322 314 663 1995 440 177 6,277 1996 296 314 2,915 1997 304 221 693 1998 273 741 5,952 1999 392 233 706 2000 423 405 791 2001 567 * 50,000 8,902 2002 663 * 20,000 16,321 Note: * Data are crude estimates only since, the number of fatalities is yet to be determined due to lack of data available. Source: Das and Peter, 2003 p.43-44            The table above shows variably rising and falling statistics with certain timeline that determines the probable cause of the rise and fall. For example, the recent terrorism attacks of 2001 has caused immense fatalities, and the number continued to progress but greatly lowered since most of the fatalities during 2002 are mostly from military activities. However, sad to say, the number of those who has been traumatized increased in two-folds due to the war that these military powers engaged. The trauma caused by war caused psychological impact due to trauma among these soldiers as manifested by the table statistics above; hover, PSTD may not be the sole classification of the trauma caused by the said impact. Other psychological trauma-related conditions have been reported to occur in these soldiers, such as phobia, severe anxiety disorders, etc (Das and Peter, 2003 p.45-46).            Post-traumatic conditions have been found to most of the soldiers that entered the episodes of war. Only recently (2006), the Ministry of Defense has decided to reward $375,000 upon membership to Armed Forces who have suffered PSTD from Iraq-American wars (Evans, 2006). The federal government has allotted these funds in order to provide free treatment of those soldiers who incur physical and psychological damage from the field, such as those with PSTD. Medications for PSTD patients, such as Fluoexetine, sertraline, paroxetine, propanolol, have been provided by the government in order to ensure the treatment progression of these soldiers. Furthermore, psychological counseling, treatment and management for remedy of phobia or trauma have been initiated through federal government’s grants (Weinstein, 2006; Evans, 2006). References: Allen, J. G. (2005). Coping with Trauma: Hope Through Understanding. American Psychiatric Pub. Andrews, M. M., Boyle, J. S. (2002). Transcultural Concepts in Nursing Care. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Das, D. K., Kratcoski, P. C. (2003). Meeting the Challenges of Global Terrorism: Prevention, Control, and Global Terrorism. Lexington Books. Evans, M. (2006, November 17). MoD agrees  £375,000 for post-trauma stress. Retrieved January 10, 2008, from Times Online: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/iraq/article1087438.ece Lewis, G. W. (2006). Organizational Crisis Management: The Human Factor. CRC Press. Matiolli, D. J. (2003, January). War with Iraq. Social Education, 67, Mitchell, J. (2001). Points of View: Stories of Psychopathology. Psychology Press. Reid, J. J. (2000). Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: Prelude to Collapse 1839-1878. Franz Steiner Verlag. Roberts, C. A. (2003). Coping with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Guide for Families. McFarland Company. Scott, M. J., Stradling, S. G. (2000). Counselling for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. SAGE. Scrignar, C. B. (1991). Stress Strategies: The Treatment of the Anxiety Disorders. Wellness Institute, Inc.. Weinstein, M. N. (2006, January). The Psychological Dilemma of Terrorism Post 9-11. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 3, Williams, M. B. (1994). Handbook of Post-Traumatic Therapy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
An Analysis of Blakes The School Boy Essay -- Blake The School Boy
An Analysis of Blake's The School Boy     'The School Boy' is a typical example of Blake's Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience in it's themes and imagery. Like many of the other poems in this work it deals with childhood and the subjugation of it's spirit and uses imagery from the natural world. While first published in 1789 as one of the Songs of Innocence there are strong reasons why Blake moved it to the Experience1 section of the 1794 edition. If we compare it to other poems in the collection it sits better with others in Experience than those in Innocence. On first reading 'The School Boy' is the voice of a young boy complaining of being shut inside at his schoolwork instead of playing outside in the sun. When we look at the poem further we can see that the poet is returning to the theme of childhood subjugated and its natural joy destroyed that can be seen in other poems in the collection such as 'The Chimney Sweeper' in Experience with its comparison of the child who was 'happy on the heath' to now "Crying ''weep! 'weep!' in notes of woe!" . The poem begins in Stanza I with the poet giving us a pastoral image of the innocence of nature reminiscent of that in 'The Introduction' from Innocence, some critics have pointed out the similarity of 'The distant huntsman winds his horn' in this poem with 'Piping down the valleys wild' in 'The Introduction' of Innocence2 . The poem gives us an image of rising with the company of many natural joys, not just the huntsman but 'birds sing on every tree' and 'the sky-lark sings with me.' It is in Stanza II that we see the oppression of the natural by authority typical of Experience and continued through the rest of the poem. This stanza compares the pastoral imagery... ...glewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1966. Hyland, Dominic, Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Harlow: Longman York Press, 1982. Notes To avoid confusion between the 1789 edition Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Innocence section of the 1794 combined edition I have shortened the section names to Innocence and Experience throughout and refer to the 1789 edition as Songs of Innocence and the 1794 edition Songs Of Innocence and Of Experience as the 1794 edition where it is necessary to draw a distinction. One example is found in D. Hyland, William Blake Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience (Harlow: Longman York Press, 1982), p. 48 William Blake, Songs Of Innocence and Of Experience, (London: Rupert Hart Davis, 1967) plate 53 . D. Hyland, William Blake Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience (Harlow: Longman York Press, 1982), p. 48  Â
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Hall
The Samaritan – How serious is our condition? – A little comic relief for the suicidal Suicide Prevention: How to Help Someone who is Suicidal www. Helped. Org/mental/suicide_prevention. HTML A suicidal person may not ask for help, but that doesn't mean that help isn't wanted. Most people who commit suicide don't want to die†they Just want to stop National Suicide Prevention Lifeline www. suicidepreventionlifeline. Org/ Helps individuals in suicidal crisis within the United States to contact the nearest available suicide prevention and mental health service provider through a SAVE ISuicide Facts www. Save. Org/facts SAVE – Suicide Awareness Voices of Education Suicide takes the lives of nearly 30,000 Americans every year. Many who attempt Over half of all suicides occur in adult men, ages 25-65. In the month prior to Suicide. Org: Suicide Prevention, Suicide Awareness www. Suicide. Org/ Suicide. Org. Suicide is NEVER the answer, getting help is the answer. If you are suicidal, have attempted suicide, or are a suicide survivor, you will find help, Suicide: Midlines www. Ml. NIH. Gob/†¦ /suicide. H†¦ Suicide is the tenth most common cause of death in the United States.People may consider suicide when they are hopeless and can't see any other solution to Understanding Suicide www. FSP. Org/understanding†¦ American Foundation for Suicide Prevention Over 38,000 Americans took their lives in 2010, the most recent year for which we have data. Suicide accounted for 12 deaths for every 100,000 people American Foundation for Suicide Prevention www. FSP. Org/ Created to raise awareness, offer support, fund research and call for action in regard o advancing a national response to the problem of suicide.In-depth articles The Story of a Suicide The New Yorker – Feb.. 2012 The day after that, Clementine committed suicide by Jumping from the George Washington Bridge. Clementine's death became an international news story, fusing parental anxieties about Explore: teen suicide The Golden Suicides vanity Fat – Jan 2008 (It happened to be her birthday, October 26. ) No one talked about the dark stories and wild speculation that had emerged after news of the couple's â€Å"double suicide†hit the media.The Urge to End It – Understanding Suicide The New York Times – July 2008 â€Å"There is but one truly serious philosophical problem,†Albert Campus wrote, â€Å"and that is suicide. †How to explain why, among the only species capable of pondering its own demise, Explore: gun suicide + More in-depth articles Searches related to suicide Suicide methods how to commit suicide suicidal thoughts suicide facts suicide stories suicide quotes suicide notes suicide videos 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Next West Side, Newark, NJ – From your Internet address – Use precise location more – Learn
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Redevelopment of Salford Quays
In the 19th century the city of Manchester was at the heart of the industrial revolution; it was a thriving port and the centre of Lancashire's textile industry. Yet, by 1950 business had declined to an all-time low. The canal journey had become too slow and therefore uneconomical for factories and companies. The port could no longer respond to the pressures placed on it by the changes in technology. The docks lay neglected and derelict. Vandalism and crime rates were high, as was unemployment (the city had depended on the docks for jobs). However, with the help of government funding, grants and publicity the city began to address its social, economic and physical problems resulting from past industrial decline. In 1985 Salford began its huge re-development scheme, construction continued up until 1993 and now is a perfect example of successful inner-city redevelopment. All the decisions that were made were complex and had to consider what land uses were to be located where and how much land to devote to each competing demand or problem. The construction work alone provided around four hundred jobs, and the area now provides employment for over 6,000 people, leading to the fastest drop in unemployment ever within the Greater Manchester area. Community Schemes have been aimed at improving the quality of schools has kept the youth unemployment rates low. The new Heritage Centre also provides an educational service to schools, colleges and the public. Primary school pupils through to university students use Salford Quays for learning purposes. Salford Quays has addressed other problems too such as vandalism, crime rates, poverty and the lack of investment and funding in Greater Manchester. Organizations such as the New Deal for Communities programme and other funding (over i100 million in lottery funding has been invested) based in Salford Quays have worked at putting money back into the Greater Manchester community. The Salford Partnership also launched a community plan; all of which demonstrates a commitment to working to achieve change. Plans such as these have improved living conditions and lead to a drop in poverty rates. To keep investment into the area high, over 300,000 feet of office space was built attracting companies into the area. Well known companies such as Kellogg's, Rank Hovis, Ford Trucks and Konica all have offices in Salford Quays. Facilities at such buildings as the MGM Cannon cinema and Copthorne Hotel, because of their location, car parking and accessibility attract people from the local area as well as other parts of Greater Manchester. In addition, a high of local pride has been generated that, together with higher income (due to greater employment) and places to go, has lead to a reduction in vandalism and crime. Easy access to Salford Quays via a Metro link, as well as entrances to the region's motorways, railways and the city centre of Manchester has resulted in a rise of tourism. Places such as the Lowry Museum, the Imperial War Museum North, as well as the overall design of the area attract large numbers of visitors every year. This has increased the amount of money that has been invested into the area. The redevelopment has made Salford Quays an attractive place to visit, work and live; it has also been a model for other cities to follow. The social and economic benefits have been felt throughout Greater Manchester and the North West.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Queen Kong By Carol Ann Duffy Essay Example
Queen Kong By Carol Ann Duffy Essay Example Queen Kong By Carol Ann Duffy Paper Queen Kong By Carol Ann Duffy Paper Essay Topic: Carol ann Duffy Poems Literature Queen Kong, in relation to the monstrous gorilla King Kong is a somewhat peculiar character that thinks of herself as a human being. Although she is an enormous, terrifying animal, she shows love, affection and passion for a male human. Her devoted nature is a complete contrast to her appearance. Her temperament is undeniably opposite to King Kong, who acted aggressively and with hate towards humans. She thinks of herself as quite normal, and falls in love with a male human. The difference in species does not alter her affection; in fact Im not sure she even notices. She is so wrapped up in devotion and love for this man, nothing else matters to her. The first few stanzas of the poem lead you to believe that Queen Kong is not actually a gorilla, but a real person. Staying in 2 quiet hotels in the village, where people were used to strangers and more or less left you alone. Obviously it would be impossible for a gorilla to comfortably stay in a hotel suite, but the way that Carol Ann Duffy portrays her character is that of a human. The first mention of her beloved is in a dominant way; almost the approach we are led to believe that men take over women, one of ownership and possession, My little man. By using such a small, snappy sentence, Duffy emphasises the upper-hand she has over her man, and with the reference to his size, she also emphasises the fact that she is so much larger than him; he could not really get away from her if he desired to. It was absolutely love at first sight. Although she first portrays her character as controlling, those few words sum up just how much she really does care for him; she would do anything for him. Duffy uses short sentences and italic writing on appropriate words when she wants to emphasise a feeling. Lonely. She leads you to believe that the man who came into her life was a saviour as she had spent the majority of her life emotionless and all by herself. She also emphasises gorgeous, showing the sexual way she feels for him and the physical as well as the emotional attraction. Duffy creates many instances of erotic nature between the male and the gorilla within the poem. I believe she does this to portray the fact that appearance is not significant, although someone may not be physically attractive to others, if there is an emotional connection between two people, they may want to be together sexually although some may find it wrong or immoral. There were things he could do for me with the sweet finesse of those hands that no gorilla could. Although she is talking in a sexual sense, she does not mention anything that she does for him; this shows the dominance in their relationship and his need to please her without getting anything in return. The stanzas are set out as if a story is being told, a combination of diary entries almost, as Duffy writes it all in chronological order and with a lot of detail into each area of the poem. Many powerful adjectives are used throughout the poem to describe her emotions, good and bad; also to describe her beloved; in other words, perfection in her eyes. It isnt until the fourth stanza that the man is mentioned in a keener way, as if he does love Queen Kong and is not being forced into the relationship merely by her size. Hed climb into my open hand, sit down; this describes his enthusiastic approach towards her; he loves her too. But then he has to go. This absolutely tears her apart. Her dominance over him lacks in this stanza, But I let him go, my man. Although she still refers to him as her man, she is letting him go; she is trying to do best by him, simply because she adores him so much. The emotional toll of her man leaving her is clearly represented in stanza 8. I slept for a week; then woke to binge for a fortnight. I didnt wash. This sort of uses an American way of portraying Queen Kong; when men think that women sleep and binge eat ice-cream to make themselves feel better, which is again attaching her character to that of a human. Also, I bled when a fat red moon rolled on the jungle roof gives reference to the female menstrual cycle, which gorillas do not experience. Menstrual cycles come once a month; she also mentions at the beginning of stanza 8 that she only lasted a month which co-insides with the cycle. She then decides to get him back. This shows the affectionate side of her character and that she cannot live without the one she loves; she tried but to no avail. This also shows the desperation in her character, no other human would want to spend time with a gorilla so she is all alone; effectively she needs her man. Many instances of imagery are used within the ninth stanza such as when Duffy writes concrete rain-forest of light using a metaphor to describe the New York skyline. She also uses alliteration; pressing my passionate eye which emphasises how distressed she was whilst looking through the windows of houses searching for her lover. I found him, of course. She would never give up. Living on her own for just a month brought her to the realisation that she needed company and couldnt survive by herself. She uses adjectives such as lovely to describe her man when she finds him, portraying her joy to be reunited with the one she loves once again. Then she swaps characters, and turns from a gorilla back into a human describing herself shopping in Bloomingdales! This would be ethically impossible, but the way she illustrates her life now is almost as if its normal again just because she has her man back with her. She describes the next twelve happy years of their life together in less detail than the rest of the poem, showing that they spent so much time together that she didnt really have time to write about anything, their lives were content. Although she knew that he would die before her, nothing prepared her for the upset she received when he did. I wear him now, around my neck, perfect, preserved, with emeralds for eyes. In a strange way, this is a very loving gesture. Her man will be with her wherever she goes, and travel through the remainder of her life with her, which is exactly what she wants. I think Queen Kong is very pleased that she did not let her man go completely, she fought for him and because of this they managed to spend the last twelve happy years of his life together. There is irony at the end of this poem; whereas the famous King Kong died in his storyline, Queen Kong is not facing death, but dealing with the consequences of losing a loved one which is entirely different. This shows the feminist point of view, the female being left to live whilst the man passes away. Queen Kong is one of the only poems in the collection The Worlds Wife that portrays men in a positive light. Although the human involved could not put up much resistance against the gorilla, it does describe him as a loving character that was almost willing to spend his life with her. This poem encourages female dominance whilst also, by regularly using the adjective little to describe her man and his genital features you know that this story is a complete contrast to King Kong with the female controlling the relationship. It is very interesting to see the role reversal, especially when written from a feminist point of view.
Monday, October 21, 2019
How to Say ___ in French - French Translation Help
How to Say ___ in French - French Translation Help If youre wondering how to say something in French, youve come to the right place. I get a lot of questions about how to say this or that in French; Ive provided links to answers to the most common of these at the end of this article. But of course I cant anticipate every question, so here are some tips and resources to help you find out how to say anything in French.1) If you speak some French, your best bet is to use a French dictionary - but the right way. French word order and syntax are very different than English, and if you just look up a bunch of different words and string them together, youll probably end up with nonsense.2) You can also try searching this site - with over 6,000 pages, its a good bet that Ive written a lesson including the word or phrase youre looking for. Just type your search in the box in the upper right corner, and click search.3) If you dont speak any French, you might be tempted to use an online translator, but this, too, is a tool that must be used w ith caution. 4) The best way to find out how to say something in French is to ask a native speaker. If you dont know any, youre in luck: our forum is filled with French speakers who are ready to answer your questions - within reason. While we wont translate paragraphs or write letters for you, we are happy to answer your questions, translate short passages, and offer corrections. Common Questions How do you say Happy birthday in French?How do you say Hello in French?How do you say How are you? in French?How do you say I love you in French?How do you say please and thank you in French?How do you say Merry Christmas in French?How do you say no in French?How do you say to be in French?How do you say what in French?How do you say yes in French?How do you say the colors in French?How do you say the months in French?How do you say the numbers in French? And if youre wondering how to say how do you say ___ in French? in French, its comment dit-on ___ en franà §ais ? You can hear a sound file of this and other useful phrases in my essential French lesson.
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Researching Your Revolutionary War Soldier Ancestors
Researching Your Revolutionary War Soldier Ancestors The Revolutionary War lasted for eight long years, beginning with the battle between British troops and local Massachusetts militia at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, on 19 April 1775, and ending with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783. If your family tree in America stretches back to this time period, it is likely you can claim descendancy from at least one ancestor who had some type of service related to the Revolutionary War effort. Did my Ancestor Serve in the American Revolution? Boys as young as 16 were allowed to serve, so any male ancestors who were between the ages of 16 and 50 between 1776 and 1783 are potential candidates. Those who didnt serve directly in a military capacity may have helped in other ways - by providing goods, supplies or non-military service to the cause. Women also participated in the American Revolution, some even accompanying their husbands to battle. If you have an ancestor you believe may have served in the American Revolution in a military capacity, then an easy way to start is by checking the following indexes to major Revolutionary War record groups: DAR Genealogical Research System - Compiled by the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, this free collection of genealogical databases contains data for both men and women who provided service to the patriots cause between 1774 and 1783, including an ancestor database created from verified membership and supplemental applications. Because this index was created from lineages identified and verified by DAR, it does not include every individual who served. The index generally provides birth and death data for each individual, as well as information on spouse, rank, area of service, and the state where the patriot lived or served. For those who did not serve in a military capacity, the type of civil or patriotic service is indicated. Soldiers who received a revolutionary war pension will be noted with the abbreviation PNSR (CPNS if the soldiers children received the pension or WPNS if the soldiers widow received the pension).Index to Revolutionary War Service Records - This four volume set (Waynesboro, TN: National Historical Publishing Co., 1995) by Virgil White includes abstracts of military service records from National Archives group 93, including each soldiers name, unit and rank. A simliar index was created by Ancestry, Inc. in 1999 and is available online to subscribers - U.S. Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783. Even better, you can search and view the actual Revolutionary War Service Records online at Fold3.com. American Genealogical-Biographical Index (AGBI) - This large index, sometimes referred to as the Rider Index after its original creator, Fremont Rider, includes the names of people who have appeared in more than 800 published volumes of family histories and other genealogical works. This includes several volumes of published Revolutionary War Records, such as Historical Register of Virginians in the Revolution, Soldiers, Sailors, 1775-1783 and Muster and Payrolls of the Revolutionary War, 1775-1783 from the collection of the New York Historical Society. Godfrey Memorial Library in Middletown, Connecticut, pubishes this index and will answer AGBI search requests for a small fee. The AGBI is also available as an online database at subscription site, Ancestry.com.Pierces Register - Originally produced as a government document in 1915 and later published by Genealogical Publishing Company in 1973, this work provides an index to Revolutionary War claim records, including the veterans name , certificate number, military unit and the amount of the claim. Abstract of Graves of Revolutionary Patriots - The U.S. government places tombstones on the graves of identified Revolutionary War soldiers, and this book by Patricia Law Hatcher (Dallas: Pioneer Heritage Press, 1987-88) provides an alphabetical list of these Revolutionary War soldiers, along with the name and location of the cemetery where they are buried or memorialized. Where Can I Find the Records? Records related to the American Revolution are available in many different locations, including repositories at the national, state, county and town-level. The National Archives in Washington D.C. is the largest repository, with compiled military service records, pension records and bounty land records. State archives or the states Office of the Adjutant General may include records for individuals who served with the state militia, rather than the continental army, as well as records for bounty land issued by the state. A fire in the War Department in November 1800 destroyed most of the earliest service and pension records. A fire in August 1814 in the Treasury Department destroyed more records. Over the years, many of these records have been reconstructed. Libraries with a genealogical or historical section will often have numerous published works on the American Revolution, including military unit histories and county histories. A good place to learn about available Revolutionary War records is James Neagles U.S. Military Records: A Guide to Federal and State Sources, Colonial America to the Present. Next Is He Really My Ancestor? Did My Ancestor Serve in the American Revolution Is This Really My Ancestor? The most difficult part of searching for an ancestors Revolutionary War service is to establish a link between your specific ancestor and the names which appear on various lists, rolls and registers. Names are not unique, so how can you be sure that the Robert Owens who served from North Carolina is actually your Robert Owens? Before delving into Revolutionary War records, take the time to learn everything you can about your Revolutionary War ancestor, including their state and county of residence, approximate age, names of relatives, wife and neighbors, or any other identifying information. A check of the 1790 U.S. census, or earlier state censuses such as the 1787 state census of Virginia, can also help determine if there are other men with the same name living in the same area. Revolutionary War Service Records Most original Revolutionary War military service records no longer survive. To replace these missing records, the U.S. government used substitute records including muster rolls, records books and ledgers, personal accounts, hospital records, pay lists, clothing returns, receipts for pay or bounty, and other records to create a compiled service record for each individual (Record Group 93, National Archives). A card was created for each soldier and placed in an envelope along with any original documents found that related to his service. These files are arranged by state, military unit, then alphabetically by the soldiers name. Compiled military service records seldom provide genealogical information about the solider or his family, but usually include his military unit, muster (attendance) rolls, and his date and place of enlistment. Some military service records are more complete than others, and may include details such as age, physical description, occupation, marital status, or place of birth. Compiled military service records from the Revolutionary War can be ordered online through the National Archives, or by mail using NATF Form 86 (which you can download online). If your ancestor served in the state militia or volunteer regiment, records of his military service may be found at the state archives, state historical society or state adjutant generals office. Some of these state and local Revolutionary War collections are online, including Pennsylvania Revolutionary War Military Abstract Card File Indexes and the Kentucky Secretary of State Revolutionary War Warrants index. Do a search for â€Å"revolutionary war†your state in your favorite search engine to find available records and documents. Revolutionary War Service Records Online: Fold3.com, in cooperation with the National Archives, offers subscription-based online access to the Compiled Service Records of soldiers who served in the American Army during the Revolutionary War. Revolutionary War Pension Records Starting with the Revolutionary War, various acts of Congress authorized the granting of pensions for military service, disability, and to widows and surviving children. Revolutionary War pensions were granted based on service to the United States between 1776 and 1783. Pension application files are generally the most genealogically rich of any Revolutionary War records, often providing details such as date and place of birth and a list of minor children, along with supporting documents such as birth records, marriage certificates, pages from family Bibles, discharge papers and affidavits or depositions from neighbors, friends, fellow servicemen and family members. Unfortunately, a fire in the War Department in 1800 destroyed almost all pension applications made prior to that time. There are, however, a few surviving pension lists prior to 1800 in published Congressional reports. The National Archives has microfilmed surviving Revolutionary War pension records, and these are included in National Archives publications M804 and M805. M804 is the more complete of the two, and includes about 80,000 files of applications for Revolutionary War Pension and Bound Land Warrant Application files from 1800-1906. Publication M805 includes details from the same 80,000 files, but instead of the entire file it includes only the supposedly most significant genealogical documents. M805 is much more widely available due to its greatly decreased size , but if you find your ancestor listed, it is worth also checking the full file in M804. NARA Publications M804 and M805 can be found at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. and in most regional branches. The Family History Library in Salt Lake City also has the complete set. Many libraries with genealogical collections will have M804. A search of Revolutionary War Pension Records can also be made through the National Archives either through their online order service or through postal mail on NATF Form 85. There is a fee associated with this service, and turn-around time can be weeks to months. Revolutionary War Pension Records Online: Online, HeritageQuest offers an index as well as digitized copies of the original, hand-written records taken from NARA microfilm M805. Check with your local or state library to see if they offer remote access to the HeritageQuest database. Alternatively, subscribers to Fold3.com can access digitized copies of the full Revolutionary War pension records found in NARA microfilm M804. Fold3 also has digitized an index and records of Final Payment Vouchers for Military Pensions, 1818-1864, final and last pension payments to over 65,000 veterans or their widows of the Revolutionary War and some later wars. A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation - This special collection in the free online American Memory exhibit of the Library of Congress includes some very interesting Revolutionary War pension petitions and other sources for information on Revolutionary-era individuals. Follow the links to American State Papers and the U.S. Serial Set.US GenWeb Revolutionary War Pensions ProjectBrowse volunteer-submitted transcripts, extracts and abstracts of pension files from the Revolutionary War. Loyalists (Royalists, Tories) A discussion of American Revolution research wouldnt be complete without referencing the other side of the war. You may have ancestors who were Loyalists, or Tories - colonists who remained loyal subjects of the British crown and actively worked to promote the interest of Great Britain during the American Revolution. After the war ended, many of these Loyalists were driven from their homes by local officials or neighbors, moving on to resettle in Canada, England, Jamaica and other British-held regions. Learn more in How to Research Loyalist Ancestors. Source Neagles, James C. U.S. Military Records: A Guide to Federal State Sources, Colonial America to the Present. Hardcover, First Edition edition, Ancestry Publishing, March 1, 1994.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Women in Policing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Women in Policing - Research Paper Example Their only source of help was from the temperance leaders, progressive era reformers, social workers, and social hygienist (Archbold &Schulz, 2012). With time, the number of women and their role in law enforcement increased. This was evident in the World War II. However, the gains were affected by the economic downturn experienced in the first half of the 20th century. However, there was more hope for women in the second half of the century (Archbold &Schulz, 2012). In the 1960s, women surfaced from their traditional roles to become patrol officers (Archbold &Schulz, 2012). At this period, there was more concern about their safety and that of their colleagues. The focus now shifted on how women policing styles would be different from men and whether they might change the nature of the police organization (Archbold &Schulz, 2012). Currently, women have been assigned roles similar to male officers within police departments. Today, women comprise 11.9 percent of all sworn position in po lice agencies, in various parts of United States (Langton, 2010). The history of women in policing begins in the last half of 19th century. In this period, women were hired to protect and administer to women and juveniles in prison. New York was the first city to hire two women in 1845. Women worked as matrons in the city’s two jails (National Center for Women and Policing, 2013). This was after a comprehensive campaign by the American Female Moral Reform Society for the creation of matron position. Their hope was that police would find it prudent to hire matrons for the police stations. However, this was not the case, and the idea received opposition from the police department. One of the notable women in the era was Mary Owens. Owens received the rank of a police officer from the Chicago Police Department in 193 (National Center for Women and Policing, 2013). She gained this position due to the death of her husband who had been an officer for the
Context of professional practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
Context of professional practice - Essay Example Hence, as a clinician, I usually ensure that I am up to date with advancing improvised legislation subject to all laws and guidelines laid down by my professional body. In UK, certain principles have been enshrined in good medical practices that ensure every health worker must follow regarding patient treatment. Notably, these legal principles bound me to numerous principles of care for my patients. Personally, I consider treating patients as a significant practice; nonetheless, I usually relate all the requirements as suggested by the General Medical Council in the UK. For instance, dignity and total respect for patients are my greatest importance in offering medical services. Clinicians are expected to provide care that meets the individual’s expectations despite that it very difficult when face with the need to make efficient use of the available resources. Therefore, it is upon me to put into consideration the public interests and practice within the specified legal bounda ries. According to the UK specifications, all treatments and care should take into account the individual needs and preferences of the patient. Moreover, patients are entitled to the best possible care irrespective of their age, ethnicity, sexuality, religious beliefs, color or politics. Thus, as medical practitioner it is my responsibility to provide total support for the patient regardless of their age, ethnicity, sexuality, religious beliefs, color or politics. On the other hand, as part of offering the best to our patients, there should be efforts in maintaining a good standard of clinical practice. Notably, medicine is changing rapidly. For this reason, we cannot maintain the good standards of clinical practice unless we keep our knowledge and skills updated. This has been made a fundamental requirement and is no longer an extra. In ensuring the best clinical practice, we must have an individual development plan. Therefore, we should allocate sufficient time to offer medical se rvices to patients in a strategized manner. Good clinical practice entails being conscientious and ensuring that enough time is devoted to providing safe and effective support and care (Hendrick et al., 2013; Pg. 25). Therefore, as an individual within the practice, I usually read medical book regarding my practice and all the entailed requirements. Confidentiality is also a vital element in offering medical services to patients both in the hospital and at home. This element is protected in the Hippocratic Oath. The legislation that governs the process of private information is contained in the data protection act. The act requires medical practitioners to respect and keep in secret all personal information regarding the patient. Moreover, the act requires that information concerning the patient’s sickness should only be disclosed upon the patient’s permission. All clinicians are subject to the confidentiality legislation. Notably, breach of confidentiality may have st rict consequences for the clinician/patient relationship as well as the clinician’s reputation. However, in some occasions, one’s obligations to the people’s safety and public good override the confidentiality duty to the patient. Nonetheless, as a clinician I may be forced to disclose patient’s information in case of a serious crime; however, I am obligated to keep such information confidential. Other occasions where the confidentiali
Friday, October 18, 2019
Managing Time As An Adult Learner Research Paper
Managing Time As An Adult Learner - Research Paper Example Poor time management may result in poor academic performance, poor work performance or deterioration of familial relations. In such a case, many adult learners opt to drop out of college because their family and their work have the highest priority to them in the short run (MacCann, Fogarty & Roberts, 2012). However, it is possible to prevent matters from deteriorating to that level. Dropping out of college should not be the preferred option because a college degree is of vital importance in this age. Higher academic qualifications provide individuals with a strong framework to advance their careers, and the family also benefits tremendously from this advancement. Effective time management makes it possible for adult learners to register exemplary performance in both their studies and their work, and still find enough time for their families. The following tips make it possible for adult learners to manage their time effectively (Van Der Meer, Jansen & Torenbeek, 2010). Create a Time Schedule – The adult learner should create a time schedule of the tasks he intends to undertake every day in the morning before setting out on the day’s activities. Reminders increase the chances of getting planned activities carried out. Checking things off as they get done provides a feeling of accomplishment which provides motivation for undertaking the next task. Avoid interruptions – Frequent interruptions can eat excessively into study time and reduce the level of concentration. The adult learner can avoid interruptions by studying at a place that has the minimum possibility of presenting interruptions. In addition, he can make it known to roommates, friends, or family that he wishes not to be disturbed when studying. Phones can be put on voice mail, and unexpected visitors can be requested to return when the studying to done (Siebert & Karr, 2008). Use a
International Trade Debate Part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
International Trade Debate Part II - Essay Example 1. While lower-end production jobs have been lost to 3rd world countries, increased use of automation and component-based manufacturing have resulted in an increase of high-paying manufacturing jobs in the US. 4. This increases the employability of Americans, opening up opportunities not just within the US, but overseas too. More Native Americans have migrated out of US in the past 20 years than ever before in history. 1. What is called as outsourcing and off shoring is nothing but one way of implementing balance of trade. The US has more bargaining ability than any other country in the global economy, and any loss of jobs to outside of US would have been offset by a host of other commercial and economic benefits, which are not always visible. 2. Migrants bring high-end skills and specialization to the American economy thereby helping it to maintain its sovereign status. A typical example is the Information Technology industry which employs thousands of migrants, but the largest consumer of which is American industry, which has moved up the value chain, through more automation. 4. Stronger 3rd world economies directly results in lesser migration of low-skilled workers from other countries, and hence less crime, lower unemployment rates and less Government spending on social security. In the long run, Globalization and International Trade benefits all
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Corporate Fundraising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Corporate Fundraising - Essay Example According to s 715A, the offer document should be presented and worded in a concise, clear and effective style. An offer document should supply with all relevant information and material to the investor and by doing so, the company would help the investor to make a wise investment decision. Thus, an offer document should be prepared as the guidelines provided in CA 20011. A proprietary company in Australia is barred from fund raising from the public. Some types of demeanour by corporations in Australia pertaining to financial services and products like the making of deceptive or bogus statements or involving in deceptive or deceptive conduct is barred. However, under s 113(3), a proprietary company can raise funds from the general public if the fundraising does not require a disclosure document where there is an exception. A corporation is not required to file a lengthy prospectus if it is exempted under s 708 or if the quantum of money to be raised is $ 10 m or less from the public. A company is required to file only an offer information statement if the amount that is going to be raised is $ 10 m or less. ... If the issue size is $ 5 million or less, an Australian company may issue offer information statements in lieu of a prospectus. In Hurst v Vestcorp Ltd (1988) 12 NSWLR 394, it was emphasised the significance of proper disclosure documents by a company while inviting the public for investment in its shares3. It is to be noted that offer of securities obtained outside Australia will not fall under the 700 (4) of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). For example, if The Green Coffee Company Ltd, makes an offer of $7 million and $15 million in capital in Vietnam, then Australian laws will not be applicable. Further , if The Green Coffee Company Ltd wanted to raise $ 10 million or less , there is no need to issue a detailed prospectus or if is exempted under s 708. If it is intend to raise more than $ 10 million, it has to compulsorily file a detailed prospectus with ASIC and is bound by its statements. Application of Law The Corporation Act 2001 function to make sure that the investors are sa feguarded when they make a decision to buy shares. Assuming that the Green Coffee Company Ltd and not a proprietary limited company , if the company wants to go for public issue , then it has to observe the provisions contained in Chapter 6D of the Corporation Act 2001(Cth). There are many options available for the Green Coffee company as regards to fund raising. It may go for a public issue or may approach bankers to advance loan or issue of debentures, etc. Thus, proper mixture of minimal public issue with loan capital may offer leveraging or gearing to the company thereby enhancing its Return on Equity (ROE). In a nutshell, Green Coffee Company may engage to release an offer information statement
Facebook's IPO Fallout Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Facebook's IPO Fallout - Research Paper Example Even though Google like companies tried to stop Facebook’s progress with the help of Google plus like social networks, such efforts impacted only moderately upon Facebook. â€Å"Between 2009 and 2010, the company's revenue nearly tripled. In the first quarter of this year, revenue climbed 44 percent. In the second quarter, Facebook Inc.'s revenue increased 32 percent to $1.18 billion from $895 million a year earlier†(â€Å"Quarter earnings: Facebook stock crashes†, n.p.) Even though Facebook’s’ progress was untroubled until recent times, some of the most recent reports show that Facebook is facing some severe problems at present. The interests of people in Facebook shares have been diminishing slowly even though the company management is working hard to bring the company back on track. Facebook investor’s concern is about the slow revenue growth of the company in recent times. Even though recession like economic problems was almost over, Fac ebook still shows no signs of revival. Analysts expect lower revenue of $1.16 billion in the fourth quarter of 2012 for Facebook (â€Å"Quarter earnings: Facebook stock crashes†, n.p.). The decline of share value of Facebook has surprised many people. Even though such a decline was expected, nobody thought that it may take place in near future itself. Plenty of reasons were cited for the unexpected and sharp decline of share value of Facebook. This paper analyses some of the major reasons of the decline of the share value of Facebook.... They do believe that the company has cheated them. In short, the reputations of the company are getting damaged as time goes on. Some analysts believe that the macroeconomic conditions in Europe are the reason for the dip in the value of Facebook shares. It is a fact that Europe is currently undergoing through a bad patch. Some of the prominent members of the EU such as Greece, Spain, Italy and Portugal are facing severe economic problems at present. Therefore, the popularity of Facebook like social networks is declining in Europe. However, there is no logic behind blaming Europe alone for the problems facing by Facebook now. In fact Facebook failed change their business strategies based on the changes in the modern world. The most important reason cited by many people for the decline of Facebook share is its failure in concentrating more on mobile advertising. It should be noted that the popularity of smartphones and tablets is growing day by day and many people have already shifted their attention from laptops and desktops to tablets and smartphones for their computing needs. In fact the number of people who access social networks through smartphones and tablets are more or less same with the number of people accessing the same with computers. Facebook failed to forecast this changing trend properly. As a result of that they failed to develop a proper mobile platform for exploiting the possibilities and opportunities. More consumers are using smartphones instead of computers to access Facebook, and the company hasn’t figured out the best way to make money from mobile ads. The result has been a slowdown in the growth rate of advertising revenue: revenue expanded by 36% last quarter, compared with 69% in 2011.New attempts to tap the mobile market are
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Corporate Fundraising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Corporate Fundraising - Essay Example According to s 715A, the offer document should be presented and worded in a concise, clear and effective style. An offer document should supply with all relevant information and material to the investor and by doing so, the company would help the investor to make a wise investment decision. Thus, an offer document should be prepared as the guidelines provided in CA 20011. A proprietary company in Australia is barred from fund raising from the public. Some types of demeanour by corporations in Australia pertaining to financial services and products like the making of deceptive or bogus statements or involving in deceptive or deceptive conduct is barred. However, under s 113(3), a proprietary company can raise funds from the general public if the fundraising does not require a disclosure document where there is an exception. A corporation is not required to file a lengthy prospectus if it is exempted under s 708 or if the quantum of money to be raised is $ 10 m or less from the public. A company is required to file only an offer information statement if the amount that is going to be raised is $ 10 m or less. ... If the issue size is $ 5 million or less, an Australian company may issue offer information statements in lieu of a prospectus. In Hurst v Vestcorp Ltd (1988) 12 NSWLR 394, it was emphasised the significance of proper disclosure documents by a company while inviting the public for investment in its shares3. It is to be noted that offer of securities obtained outside Australia will not fall under the 700 (4) of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). For example, if The Green Coffee Company Ltd, makes an offer of $7 million and $15 million in capital in Vietnam, then Australian laws will not be applicable. Further , if The Green Coffee Company Ltd wanted to raise $ 10 million or less , there is no need to issue a detailed prospectus or if is exempted under s 708. If it is intend to raise more than $ 10 million, it has to compulsorily file a detailed prospectus with ASIC and is bound by its statements. Application of Law The Corporation Act 2001 function to make sure that the investors are sa feguarded when they make a decision to buy shares. Assuming that the Green Coffee Company Ltd and not a proprietary limited company , if the company wants to go for public issue , then it has to observe the provisions contained in Chapter 6D of the Corporation Act 2001(Cth). There are many options available for the Green Coffee company as regards to fund raising. It may go for a public issue or may approach bankers to advance loan or issue of debentures, etc. Thus, proper mixture of minimal public issue with loan capital may offer leveraging or gearing to the company thereby enhancing its Return on Equity (ROE). In a nutshell, Green Coffee Company may engage to release an offer information statement
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Analyze a major social, economic, military, and technological issue Essay
Analyze a major social, economic, military, and technological issue since the Civil War, trace its significance over time - Essay Example American diplomacy in the 1920s may be termed as subtle and a bit passive, but it was equally ambitious and effective in reality. American strategy in the years leading up to the annihilation of Pearl Harbor was in fact quite reactive to events which were happening on the European continent. In short, American isolationism was somewhat of a myth, though it remains a fact that American foreign policy during the 1920s and 1930s was hugely different from the aggressive US foreign policy what the contemporary global order witnesses (Braumoeller, p.1). The changes have occurred eventually and over time the role of African Americans in ending the segregation, discrimination and hence the isolation in order to reach the goals of civil rights and equality have been significant. The reality of American isolationism The actual notion of ‘American isolationism’ developed because the US authorities concentrated on building cottage industries to strengthen their domestic economic inf rastructure. This act sent a global message that the US authorities were trying to create a neo-socialist order. The reality was far from this. Cottage industry grew around the topic of American isolationism in the interwar era – so much so to facilitate that â€Å"isolationism†had become the average categorization of America’s foreign policy amid the two World Wars. ... Such assertions, both in textbooks and in the articles of some of the finest scholars, can be multiplied for an indefinite period (Braumoeller, pp.2-3). African Americans and the tale of struggle African Americans were the indomitable human beings who were brutally treaded by the whites into the American territory in 1619. Thus began their apathetic journey of struggle against intolerance, violence, and racial discrimination. The tradition of importing slaves came to halt in 1808. But that did not change the dire circumstances of the African people residing in nation that looked upon them as beasts embraced in a black nutcase. In 1857, the US Supreme Court decided to bar African slaves from entering or bringing a case into the court premises. The devastating situation of the African Americans took a turn with the introduction of the US Civil War which started in 1861. Abraham Lincoln took some revolutionary steps as the newly elected president of the United States. For most of the bl acks, liberation and the conclusion of the Civil War meant a revitalization of hope. A hope filled with economic prospect, social mobility, and political potential. Great white centric institutions like Tuskegee, Hampton, and Howard University were at the midpoint of a debate over what kind of training, education, and preparation African Americans required for paving their way into the world. Booker T. Washington became the orator on behalf of those who believed that industrial education skills training and vocational education were the greatest means for blacks to achieve economic progress and equality. Each and every women student at Tuskegee, for an instance, was
Monday, October 14, 2019
Mr. Burger Essay Example for Free
Mr. Burger Essay Mr. Burger is an international fast-food chain that first opened at Lake Michigan Drive by Peter and Maria Christopoulos, in 1967, between the Ottawa and Kent counties. Since that time, Mr. Burger has evolved from a neighborhood teen hang-out into a thriving family-oriented restaurant. It has transitioned from serving hot dogs and burgers to offering a full menu of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and dessert. It launched its first branch in Pakistan, in late 1980’s, near NIPA bridge. Since its launch in Pakistan, Mr. Burger has opened branches at Tariq Road, Boat Basin, Bahadurabad and North Nazimabad. Over the years, customers have come to appreciate the good service and delicious, quality foods offered by Mr. Burger. Situation Analysis. In the past few years, the overall value of Mr. Burger has declined. From our own observation of 2 branches (Tariq Road Boat Basin), we found that the overall state of the branches was below par. The tables and chairs were dirty. The chairs itself were quite uncomfortable. The wallpaper from the walls was scrapped from places. Even the entrance doormat and door had flies and mosquitoes all over them, making the place look unhygienic. Over the past 5-6 years, there has been little or no promotion and this has led further in its decline. Also, the employees are also pretty dull and less-friendly. Their appearance and way of interacting shows as if they are disinterested in working. Even the loyal customers do not prefer it to dine out, due to its poor performance. In the early 2000’s, McDonalds and KFC had been launched in Pakistan, but customers by then, preferred Mr. Burger. In the past 5 years, the scenario is completely different. Competitors like KFC, McDonalds and Subway have taken over Mr. Burger’s market share. All the other competitors engage in variety of promotional campaigns, and the frequency of promotion is also high. Every month or 2, we see new billboards of KFC and McDonalds, introducing some new food items to their menu, or promoting a new deal. KFC and McDonalds have done well in their promotions, and every family prefers them when they go out to eat. Also, the food items of Mr. Burger are overpriced: their Rs.110 beef burger seems to be a matter of few bites. From a survey carried out, we found that Mr. Burger has the lowest brand awareness, usage and performance, in comparison to its main 3 competitors. The overall environment of KFC and McDonalds is very entertaining, providing pleasure to kids, teenagers and adults. That’s the reason why families enjoy dining out there. Before PR Plan|. * Mr. Burger had no credibility * Mr. Burger had no interaction on social media and no website * Very little share of its target market * Old theme â€Å"JUICIEST BURGER†| During PR|. * Consumer started interacting on facebook through competition * Participant and consumer started thinking as â€Å"New Improved Mr. Burger†* Students started noticing through fun fact sheets and free comments * New theme â€Å"Love it for Life†* CSR â€Å"Pure Food†article| After PR|. * Mr. Burger considered as place for hygienic food and fun * Mr. Burger considered as socially responsible * Positive Word-of-Mouth * Brand new Mr. Burger * More credible, more fun, and more health concious| (yeh chart thora contradict kar raha hai hamari observation se, so we can eliminate this chart.) LOVE IT FOR LIFE We believe that Mr. Burger is a restaurant which has a potential to make some of the best memories for its customers. We believe that the people in Pakistan value life and value love to its maximum potential and all it is attainable if you are part of a family. Therefore, we have aimed to promote a family environment for MR. BURGER. Target audience: We are targeting all audiences of ages 6 and above and of social class C+ and above. We are mostly targeting families that have children between the ages of 6-13 as we believe children of these ages are a key factor for promoting restaurant dining in Pakistan. These families would have a tendency to eat out at a place where they have a clean and friendly environment and can have fun together. These families would not be very picky when it comes to choosing a restaurant when eating out but we want to create an image that whenever they think of eating out, they think of Mr. Burger. PR Objectives: * To re launch our brand by creating extended brand awareness. * To build brand credibility by communicating our values and our products to our target audience. * To vitalize our brand by following a new brand ideology and choosing new paths of brand communication. PR Plan Considerations: * The interiors of all the outlets have been redesigned to fit our new theme, â€Å"LOVE IT FOR LIFE†* A Website Facebook page have been established with sufficient members to initiate social and online campaigning. * A number of entries will be received for the â€Å"Director of Fun†competition * Terms and Conditions have already been discussed with channels for the airing of â€Å"MR.BURGER THE SERIES†* Terms and conditions have been agreed with ROB of MAD TV airing on POGO channel for the endorsement of Mr. Burger PR TOOLS: * Fun facts: We would be publishing an article which would contain 10 fun facts about burgers which our target audience would not be aware of. These facts would be such that they are universally accepted and cannot be challenged. This article would be published on all websites and publications which have a large number of target audiences which are children and family oriented people. * Free Compliments: With every meal, we would be giving our customers free compliment cards containing different phrases and sentences which we should our friendly service and care towards all of our customers. This would also help create a positive WOM for Mr. Burger amongst our customers. * Director of Fun: We would be organizing an online competition targeted towards kids of ages 6-13. The objective of this competition would be come with the most imaginative ways to have fun while eating fast food. The participants would have to upload videos and/or photographs on our Facebook page and the entry with the most number of likes would be declared the winner. The winner would be officially being titled as Mr. Burger’s â€Å"Director of Fun†. * Pure Food: This would be a CSR initiative by Mr. Burger to promote the importance of eating fresh and healthy food. This will be achieved by our redesigned packaging and messages running on LCDs present in our outlets. This message will also be communicated through sponsoring seminars on healthy eating being conducted every six months. * Mr. Burger The Series: A kids’ mini TV show will be sponsored as part of a campaign to build a brand mascot for Mr. Burger. The concept of this would be simply be to show a superhero that is just like an average person but when someone is in a peril and needs to be saved, this individual eats a burger and becomes, Mr. Burger  the superhero. * Mr. Burger Times: A newsletter will be published on the website every month which would contain messages from our staff to our customers and our customers to our staff. It would also contain pictures of the good times that people would have experienced at any of the Mr. Burger outlets. This section would also contain a blog where people would be encouraged to mention anything and everything that is related to Mr. Burger. PR PLAN Structure: LAUNCH: * FUN FACTS * DIRECTOR OF FUN * MR. BURGER  THE SERIES POST LAUNCH: * PURE FOOD * FREE COMPLIMENTS * MR. BURGER TIMES.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844â€89). Poems 1918, Spring and Fall: To a young child :: essays research papers fc
Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844–89). Poems 1918, Spring and Fall: To a young child Mà RGARÉT, à ¡re you grà eving Over Goldengrove unleaving? Leà ¡ves, là ke the things of man, you With your fresh thoughts care for, can you? à h! à ¡s the heart grows older 5 It will come to such sights colder By and by, nor spare a sigh Though worlds of wanwood leafmeal lie; And yet you wà ll weep and know why. Now no matter, child, the name: 10 Sà ³rrow’s sprà ngs à ¡re the same. Nor mouth had, no nor mind, expressed What heart heard of, ghost guessed: It à s the blight man was born for, It is Margaret you mourn for. Gerard Manley Hopkins was an innovator whose poetry was not published until decades after his death. Hopkins was born in Stratford, Essex, which is near London. He attended Balliol College, University of Oxford. While attending the university, Hopkins was sporadically occupied with verse writing. His passion for religion becomes clearly evident during this time through his poems. His poems revealed a very Catholic character, most of them being abortive, the beginnings of things, ruins and wrecks, as he called them. (Gardner 6) In 1866, he converted to Roman Catholicism, during the Oxford movement. John Henry Newman received him into the Roman Catholic Church. He left Oxford to become a priest, and entered the Jesuit Order in 1868. This is the time when Gerard Manley Hopkins presented a conflict of a man torn between two vocations, religion and the aesthetic world. He also presented a heroic struggle of a man who was so dedicated to one profession that he deliberately sacrificed anoth er profession based on the belief that God willed it to be so. Hopkins is well known for his creation of the term inscape. Inscape can be considered as an individual distinctive beauty. The sensation of inscape, any vivid mental image, is known as instress. (Gardner 11) For Hopkins, inscape was more than sensory impression. It was an insight; by Divine grace into an ultimate reality by seeing the pattern, air, and melody as it were God’s side. (Gardner 27) In "Spring and Fall", Hopkins demonstrates a separation between humanity and nature and a separation between humanity and God. His use of imagery and his sympathetic tone allows the readers to make both distinctions and similarities between adult and child, nature and man, and conscious and intuitive knowledge. The poem is addressed to a child.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Spinning Misconceptions :: Break Dancing Culture Essays
Spinning Misconceptions The music pounded loudly on the dance floor as people stood in a circle. Nodding my head to the beat, I stepped out and did a few dance steps before I went down to the ground. On my hands and legs, I began walking rounds to the beat, throwing in a little bit of flare to it all, as much flare as I could think of. A few moments into the step, I jumped onto my hands and twisted my legs in the air. Freeze! So far, the crowd seemed silent; they just casually watched me mess around as if I was making a fool of myself, for it looked so simple to them. After some more dance steps, I jumped onto my right forearm and split my legs in the air above my head. Freeze number two! The hard-to-please crowd gave little response. I find it very difficult to dance to a crowd who shows such little response: neither positive nor negative feedback. So I jumped into the move that they gave their attention to see. I did a windmill: I rolled around on the floor as I swung my legs around in the air. The crow d finally gave me cheers of satisfaction. From the few years I learned about the break-dancing culture, I discovered a drastic difference between the popular view of the dance and an actual break-dancer’s view. Most misperceive the dance to be a bag of fancy aerobic tricks; however, the dance is more than that, for it includes the profound creative expression that makes it a unique portion of the hip hop culture. The first response I notice from people when I say that I break-dance is the emphasis on spinning on the head or just plain old spinning around. Flares (a gymnastic move where the dancer swings his legs around with only arms as support), head-spins, and other flashy moves are the main thing people associate with break dancing. â€Å"What, break-dance? What, you can spin on your head?†is an extremely common response. When people watch any type of breaking, they anticipate the showy stuff. Most have a superficial view of the dance and lack the profound appreciation for the art and culture. I find that people unconsciously categorize the dance into two parts: moves they think they can do, and moves they wished they could do.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Literature Review of Selection Methods
Application forms Application forms are one of the most common selection and assessment methods in practice, used almost as much as the CV; most particularly in the public and voluntary sectors (Zibarras and Woods, 2010). Shackleton and Newell (1994) found that out of seventy-three British organisations they surveyed, 93. 2% of them used application forms. Zibarras and Woods (2010) found in a survey they conducted that the use of application forms by organisations were highest in either micro-organisations or very large organisations.The possible reasons for this could be that a very large organisation may receive a lot of applications therefore application forms may be used as a tool to refine the best applicants. In micro organisations the use of an application form could be to find out specific information about an applicant or to see whether they could cope working within such a small organisation. Another point that Zibarras and Woods (2010) recognize is that application forms a long with structured interviews can be defined as standardized selection methods.This could be interpreted as having a higher validity as in an application form an organisation can identify what they want to know about the applicant and then base the questions or the relevant information that is required, and add these into the application form. They also identify that application forms are more ‘legally defensible’. Application forms could be considered more formal, there are guidelines and everything is easy to monitor and pitted against a selection method such as a CV where the applicant has freedom to include what they want the employers to know.Management exercises Management or group exercises are an assessment method typically used within an assessment center. Blume, Dreher and Baldwin (2010) found that management and group exercises were able to assess the critical thinking and the oral communication of an applicant. However, they also found that these exercises like many other of the assessment center tasks involve high communication from the applicant and therefore may be deemed as stressful to some candidates.They go on to identify the importance of show off other skills like organisation and planning when effective oral communication is being assessed. Sackett and Dreher (1982) that when doing any group exercise at an assessment centre the most common skills that are presented through the exercise are leadership, initiative, planning and organisation, problem analysis and decision making, with scores ranging from . 67 and to . 79, the highest with either leadership or initiative.Also from this study, some key behaviours for a manager to possess are not tested very well using this assessment method, these include responsiveness; only scoring . 46, sensitivity; scoring . 47 and stress tolerance; with a score of . 54. Blume, B. D, Dreher, G. F and Baldwin, T. T. (2010). Examining the effects of communication and apprehension within assess ment centres. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology (2010), 83, 663-671. The British Psychological Society. Sackett, P. R and Dreher. G. F. (1982).Constructs and Assessment Center Dimensions: Some Troubling Empirical Findings. Journal of Applied Psychology 1982, Vol. 67, No. 4, 401-410. Shackleton, V, & Newell, S. (1994). European management selection methods: A comparison of five countries. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 2(2), 91-102 Zibarras, L. D and Woods, S. A (2010). A survey of UK selection practices across different organisztion sizes and industry sectors. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology 2010, 83, 499-511. The British Psychological Society
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Antisocial Behaviour Essay
In Britain antisocial behaviour between young people is a widely argued subject in the British media. More and more Brits at the age 13-18 are dropping out of school or work-based training and refuse to return. These young people are more than likely to face criminal action possibly leading to a fine or community sentence. But when we are talking about the term â€Å"Anti-social Behaviour†, then we need to know what it exactly means. The British â€Å"crime disorder act†of 1998 describes the term â€Å"†¦ n anti-social manner, that is to say, in a manner that caused or was likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress to one or more persons †¦ †So to simplify, Antisocial behaviour is when a person is forced by his or hers environment to cause harassment to one-self or the persons surroundings, and as far as I understand the subject antisocial behaviour does not have to be of criminal nature, but it is more than likely to be so. In 2007 the percentage of 16 to 17-year-olds not in education, employment or training was 9 percent. It is exactly these young people who are the targets for becoming antisocial. So how do you make sure that these unfortunate teenagers don’t end in this so unfortunate situation and is it possible to force the teenagers to behave in a more civilised way? There are actually many suggestions for a solution to this nationwide problem. Some of them are quit controversial and are more likely to stop antisocial teenagers doing crime, than to prevent teenagers to not at all become antisocial. One of these alternative solutions is the â€Å"Mosquito†which is a sonic device that gives out a piercing noise audible only to teenagers and people in there early twenties. This device has been installed as a â€Å"yob†(slang for an antisocial person) deterrent at nearly 3,000 locations such as grocers and shopping malls across Great Britain. This Mosquito is a camouflaged speaker box not larger than shoebox and it sends out a pulse at 18 kilohertz which in the last end will give the young people acting antisocial in front of the store a terrible headache so they quickly leave the store. This method of fighting antisocial behaviour among teens has been shown very effective. In some stores in the UK crime outside the stores had dropped by 83 % since the device was installed. The device has actually earned so much respect among shopkeepers and government officials that some are considering that the Mosquito should be obligatory by law in most public places by night. So it is quite obvious to see all the positive aspects but not all are so enthusiastic. Chief constables in Britain say they are scared the Mosquito is going to infringe human rights. Authorities say that the device is indiscriminating and that people should consider the effects on the young people, because not all young people are antisocial yobs. So you can see that the meanings about the Mosquito vary quite a lot. The device is very effective against the teens that already are in the antisocial environment but the device is not at all preventive. So what could be done if you the British teenagers to not even think about becoming antisocial. The British former PM Tony Blair wants to force errant schoolchildren back to school by using dedicated truancy officers which will be deployed in the 200 schools with biggest yob and truancy problems. This plan spans over using more than ? 70m to stamp out antisocial behaviour, as well as 24,000 community support officers will also be conducting these truancy sweeps so they can force the teens back to school. The plan does also include tougher punishments to the yobs when they get caught. This is of course a very controversial method to tackle antisocial behaviour but it could be showing really effective because it is preventive and helps the teenagers in trouble before they become antisocial yobs. But of course as mentioned by opponents of the plan, the plan is so ambitious and expensive that it more looks like â€Å"a mish-mash of gimmick and spin†than an actual plan, which within realistic measures would be preventive without costing the country enormous amounts of money and labour. So here we have two very different plans which in two very different ways will deal with two very important parts of the subject antisocial behaviour among British teens. I do not think that there is any exactly solution to this very important problem in British cities, small towns and schools but of course the Mosquito has already proven its worth in more than 3,000 locations with success and has made it safer for those people being harassed by the yobs in the public. But unfortunately the Mosquito does not help educating the teens; it just makes the yobs find an other place for them to be at. The most important factor in this case is that you need to stop the antisocial behaviour in its process and not when it already has affected the young teenagers. So perhaps Tony Blair’s plan is the right way to do it, though I personally believe that the plan is way too focussed on hard punishment than in are pedagogical way. I don’t believe that tough punishment is the way of teaching youngsters today.
International Finance
The nomenclature of the global economic arena Is the saying that the world Is flat and that It comes In a full circle; but where corporate power has transcended barriers and territorial borders, Terrorism remains as the bane of existence. Terrorism Is that plague that reeks In every corporate dominated land. It wasn't Just the twin WET towers plummeting at the darted vision of terror but it was the networked failure of man's economic progress.The global news of today is resplendent of the clatter of bullets, the tyranny of armed tanks and most importantly, the breakthrough of man's bestial brutality. Truncated calls, crashing stock markets, wary economists; the economic world witnessed the horror on 9/1 1, 26/11 etc. Brokers lay crestfallen, investors chose survivals over super profits; above all, the business of man failed. The first question that can be gawked on is how does the economy of the world suffer after the aftermath of a terrorist activity?In the advent of superior global ization, countries favor entry Into the markets by relying on exporting goods and services, which leads to the feasibility of rapid and broad outlook of global markets; It will also reduce the heavy dependence on high remissive physical faceless, which can offer much understandability, flexibility for reacting to unforeseeable market changes and rapid adjustments. Foreign direct Investment or FDA remains one of the key backstabbers for an aspiring global economy.Major investments in major countries of the world stand on shaky ground when such events happen in the light of the economy. When it comes to global economics, transaction costs and economies of scale, Foreign Direct Investment is a priority among financial planners, but the risky affair of dwindling between what is to e injected in the economy and what is to be exported are deemed to be worrisome. Global Markets have the trend to reprimand failure more severely than rewarding success, which have made risk minimizing strateg ies a pathway for business promoters and planners.The yester years before the first fatal blow of terrorism to the global business arena saw a stupendous growth of International ventures; but after the wrath experienced by the international markets: it took into concentrating of domestic affiliations and concentrations. This was evident by the fall of international monetary saving and faith. Money laundering has led to the modern day malaise of terrorism financing. Tightening money laundering laws in the United states still remain ineffective at the gawking reality of a global banking giant- HASH having fallen prey to such accusations.Hash's banking activities in Saudi Arabia, specifically activities pertaining to referencing banking with AY Rajah Bank were brought under the radar. An investigation claimed that the Saudi bank had financed terrorist activities In purview of the September 11 investigations. In fact, it is now Infamously known as the- â€Å"Early Financial benefactor of the al- Qaeda†. Although, there was a hiatus In the banking transactions of HASH and AY Rajah bank; but both the banks have resumed their dealings. Two Bangladesh banks have been accused on salary grounds.Tighter norms and stringent Basel laws could be the trump card but the Course structures pertaining to international business have witnessed a setback in lieu of worsening international ties; it is well evident by the declining education of international studies in the United States, as per the stats relating to enrollments in International Business Courses and Foreign language courses. During the past few ears, managers have moved from the focus of proactive exploration concerning international opportunities in the global arena to a rather defensive posture that emphasizes on the vulnerability of foreign operations and global threats.The September 11 attack alone caused around 40 billion of insurance losses in USA. There was an liquidity need addressed by the federal rese rve along with the delay of major global stock markets like NYSE, FETES etc. The nightmares of the Ells (Foreign institutional Investors has Just begun with the sharp shoot ups of the gold and other commodities prices. As the dollar recovered, it rather showed how the economy could have a domino effect in Just a moment of a terror attack.Although stocks recovered from the short bearish phase of the 26/11 attack in Iambi; it can't offer a solution for the momentary involuntary losses in the global economy. The worst part is that how can a manager appropriate against such costs? The cost of human labor, wealth and resources? It is not Just the infrastructure being marred or the sabbatical day being a black day but it is the vulnerability of corporate giants in front of the tryst with terrorism. The cost born for provisioning against such losses cannot be anticipated.They can seep through any advent of the business; whether it's the hijacked plane or the bakery which gets bombarded; th e vivid imagination of terror cripples the masculinity of business. The real question that looms on every single business maker is that who is supposed to bear this impossible to inappropriate cost? The government or the various international bodies? Yes, there is indeed something scarier than the sublime crisis, and it is the sublime crisis of human empathy and brotherhood. What might seem as the biggest looming threat to the business of the world can actually be a way to fight this common malaise forever.It is the world cooperation of various international bodies and government bodies including multinational corporations to bring an end to this plaguing condition. In the face of such a terror; the rescue can only be the pooled efforts of every individual who dreams of international cooperation and benefit. Rather than basking on the indifference curve, it might be the time of our corporate lives to pull our socks even higher; so that each individual with its own competence forms t he army of seamless unity and strength. International Finance Chapter 4 Practice Problems Percentage Depreciation †¢ Assume the spot rate of the British pound is $1. 73. The expected spot rate one year from now is assumed to be $1. 66. What percentage depreciation does this reflect? †¢ ($1 66 – $1 73)/$1 73 = –4. 05% ($1. 66 $1. 73)/$1. 73 4 05% Expected depreciation of 4. 05% percent Inflation Effects on Exchange Rates †¢ Assume that the U. S. inflation rate becomes high relative to Canadian inflation. Other things being equal, how should this affect the (a) U. S. demand for Canadian dollars, (b) supply of Canadian dollars for sale, and (c) equilibrium value of the Canadian dollar? Demand for Canadian dollars should increase, ? Supply of Canadian dollars for sale should decrease, and ? The Canadian dollar’s value should increase. 1 Interest Rate Effects on Exchange Rates †¢ Assume U. S. interest rates fall relative to British interest rates. Other things being equal, how should this affect the (a) U. S. demand for British pounds, (b) supply of pounds for sale, and (c) equilibrium value of the pound? ? Demand for pounds should increase, ? Supply of pounds for sale should decrease, and ? The pound’s value should increase. Income Effects on Exchange Rates †¢ Assume that the U.S. income level rises at a much higher rate than does the Canadian income level. Other things being equal, how should this affect the (a) U. S. demand for Canadian dollars, (b) supply of Canadian dollars for sale, and (c) equilibrium value of th Canadian dollar? f the C di d ll ? ? Assuming no effect on U. S. interest rates, demand for dollars should increase, ? Supply of dollars for sale may not be affected, and ? The dollar’s value should increase. Trade Restriction Effects on Exchange Rates †¢ Assume that the Japanese government relaxes its controls on imports by Japanese companies.Other things being equal, how should this affect the (a) U. S. demand for Japanese yen, (b) supply of yen for sale, and (c) equilibrium value of the yen? ? Demand for yen should not be affected, ? Supply of yen for sale should increase, and ? The value of yen should decrease. 2 Effects of Real Interest Rates †¢ What is the expected relationship between the relative real interest rates of two countries and the exchange rate of their currencies? ? The higher the real interest rate of a country relative to another country, the stronger will be its home currency, other things equal. Speculative Effects on Exchange Rates Explain why a public forecast about future interest rates could affect the value of the dollar today. Why do some forecasts by well-respected economists have no impact on today’s value of the dollar? ? Speculators can use anticipated interest rate movements to forecast exchange rate movements. ? Th may purchase f i securities b They h foreign iti because of their f th i expectations about currency movements, since their yield will be affected by changes in a cur rency’s value. ? These purchases of securities require an exchange of currencies, which can immediately affect the equilibrium value of exchange rates. It was already anticipated by market participants or is not different from investors’ original expectations. Interaction of Exchange Rates †¢ Assume that there are substantial capital flows among Canada, the U. S. , and Japan. If interest rates in Canada decline to a level below the U. S. interest rate, and inflationary expectations remain unchanged, how could this affect the value of the Canadian dollar against the U. S. dollar? ? If interest rates in Canada decline, there may be an increase in capital flows from Canada to the U. S. ? In addition, U. S. investors may attempt to capitalize on higher U.S. interest rates, while U. S. investors reduce their investments in Canada’s securities. ? This places downward pressure on the Canadian dollar’s value. 3 Interaction of Exchange Rates †¢ How might this affect the value of the Canadian dollar against the Japanese yen? ? Japanese investors that previously invested in Canada may , p shift to the U. S. Thus, the reduced flow of funds from Japan would place downward pressure on the Canadian dollar against the Japanese yen. Relative Importance of Factors Affecting Exchange Rate Risk †¢ Assume that the level of capital flows between the U.S. and the country of Krendo is negligible and will continue to be. But there is a substantial amount of trade between the U. S. and the country of Krendo. Which affect, high inflation or high interest rates will be seen in the value of the Krendo’s currency? Krendo s †¢ The inflation effect will be stronger than the interest rate effect because inflation affects trade flows. ? The high inflation should cause downward pressure on the kren. Speculation †¢ Blue Demon Bank expects that the Mexican peso will depreciate against the dollar from its spot rate of $. 5 to $. 14 in 10 days. The following interbank lending and borrowing rates exist: U. S. dollar Mexican peso Lending Rate Borrowing Rate 8. 0% 8. 3% 8. 5% 8. 7% Assume that Blue Demon Bank has a borrowing capacity of either $10 million or 70 million pesos in the interbank market, depending on which currency it wants to borrow. How could Blue Demon Bank attempt to capitalize on its expectations without using deposited funds? Estimate the profits that could be generated from this strategy. 4 Speculation 1. Borrow MXP70 million 2.Convert the MXP70 million to dollars: MXP70,000,000 ? $. 15 = $10,500,000 3. Lend the dollars through the interbank market at 8. 0% annualized over a 10-day period. The amount accumulated in 10 days is: $10,500,000 ? [1 + (8% ? 10/360)] [ ] = $10,500,000 ? [1. 002222] = $10,523,333 4. Repay the peso loan. The repayment amount on the peso loan is: MXP70,000,000 ? [1 + (8. 7% ? 10/360)] = 70,000,000 ? [1. 002417] = MXP70,169,167 5. Based on the expected spot rate of $. 14, the am ount of dollars needed to repay the peso loan is: MXP70,169,167 ? $. 14 = $9,823,683 6.After repaying the loan, Blue Demon Bank will have a speculative profit of: $10,523,333 – $9,823,683 = $699,650 Speculation †¢ Assume all the preceding information with this exception: Blue Demon Bank expects the peso to appreciate from its present spot rate of $. 15 to $. 17 in 30 days. How could it attempt to capitalize on its expectations without using deposited funds? Estimate the profits that could be generated from this strategy. Speculation 1. Borrow $10 million 2. Convert the $10 million to pesos (MXP): $10,000,000/$. 15 = MXP66,666,667 3. Lend the pesos through the interbank market at 8. % annualized over a 30-day period. The amount accumulated in 30 days is: MXP66,666,667 ? [1 + (8. 5% ? 30/360)] [ ] = 66,666,667 ? [1. 007083] = MXP67,138,889 4. Repay the dollar loan. The repayment amount on the dollar loan is: $10,000,000 ? [1 + (8. 3% ? 30/360)] = $10,000,000 ? [1. 006917] = $10,069,170 5. Convert the pesos to dollars to repay the loan. The amount of dollars to be received in 30 days (based on the expected spot rate of $. 17) is: MXP67,138,889 ? $. 17 = $11,413,611 6. The profits are (could be): $11,413,611 – $10,069,170 = $1,344,441 5 International Finance The nomenclature of the global economic arena Is the saying that the world Is flat and that It comes In a full circle; but where corporate power has transcended barriers and territorial borders, Terrorism remains as the bane of existence. Terrorism Is that plague that reeks In every corporate dominated land. It wasn't Just the twin WET towers plummeting at the darted vision of terror but it was the networked failure of man's economic progress.The global news of today is resplendent of the clatter of bullets, the tyranny of armed tanks and most importantly, the breakthrough of man's bestial brutality. Truncated calls, crashing stock markets, wary economists; the economic world witnessed the horror on 9/1 1, 26/11 etc. Brokers lay crestfallen, investors chose survivals over super profits; above all, the business of man failed. The first question that can be gawked on is how does the economy of the world suffer after the aftermath of a terrorist activity?In the advent of superior global ization, countries favor entry Into the markets by relying on exporting goods and services, which leads to the feasibility of rapid and broad outlook of global markets; It will also reduce the heavy dependence on high remissive physical faceless, which can offer much understandability, flexibility for reacting to unforeseeable market changes and rapid adjustments. Foreign direct Investment or FDA remains one of the key backstabbers for an aspiring global economy.Major investments in major countries of the world stand on shaky ground when such events happen in the light of the economy. When it comes to global economics, transaction costs and economies of scale, Foreign Direct Investment is a priority among financial planners, but the risky affair of dwindling between what is to e injected in the economy and what is to be exported are deemed to be worrisome. Global Markets have the trend to reprimand failure more severely than rewarding success, which have made risk minimizing strateg ies a pathway for business promoters and planners.The yester years before the first fatal blow of terrorism to the global business arena saw a stupendous growth of International ventures; but after the wrath experienced by the international markets: it took into concentrating of domestic affiliations and concentrations. This was evident by the fall of international monetary saving and faith. Money laundering has led to the modern day malaise of terrorism financing. Tightening money laundering laws in the United states still remain ineffective at the gawking reality of a global banking giant- HASH having fallen prey to such accusations.Hash's banking activities in Saudi Arabia, specifically activities pertaining to referencing banking with AY Rajah Bank were brought under the radar. An investigation claimed that the Saudi bank had financed terrorist activities In purview of the September 11 investigations. In fact, it is now Infamously known as the- â€Å"Early Financial benefactor of the al- Qaeda†. Although, there was a hiatus In the banking transactions of HASH and AY Rajah bank; but both the banks have resumed their dealings. Two Bangladesh banks have been accused on salary grounds.Tighter norms and stringent Basel laws could be the trump card but the Course structures pertaining to international business have witnessed a setback in lieu of worsening international ties; it is well evident by the declining education of international studies in the United States, as per the stats relating to enrollments in International Business Courses and Foreign language courses. During the past few ears, managers have moved from the focus of proactive exploration concerning international opportunities in the global arena to a rather defensive posture that emphasizes on the vulnerability of foreign operations and global threats.The September 11 attack alone caused around 40 billion of insurance losses in USA. There was an liquidity need addressed by the federal rese rve along with the delay of major global stock markets like NYSE, FETES etc. The nightmares of the Ells (Foreign institutional Investors has Just begun with the sharp shoot ups of the gold and other commodities prices. As the dollar recovered, it rather showed how the economy could have a domino effect in Just a moment of a terror attack.Although stocks recovered from the short bearish phase of the 26/11 attack in Iambi; it can't offer a solution for the momentary involuntary losses in the global economy. The worst part is that how can a manager appropriate against such costs? The cost of human labor, wealth and resources? It is not Just the infrastructure being marred or the sabbatical day being a black day but it is the vulnerability of corporate giants in front of the tryst with terrorism. The cost born for provisioning against such losses cannot be anticipated.They can seep through any advent of the business; whether it's the hijacked plane or the bakery which gets bombarded; th e vivid imagination of terror cripples the masculinity of business. The real question that looms on every single business maker is that who is supposed to bear this impossible to inappropriate cost? The government or the various international bodies? Yes, there is indeed something scarier than the sublime crisis, and it is the sublime crisis of human empathy and brotherhood. What might seem as the biggest looming threat to the business of the world can actually be a way to fight this common malaise forever.It is the world cooperation of various international bodies and government bodies including multinational corporations to bring an end to this plaguing condition. In the face of such a terror; the rescue can only be the pooled efforts of every individual who dreams of international cooperation and benefit. Rather than basking on the indifference curve, it might be the time of our corporate lives to pull our socks even higher; so that each individual with its own competence forms t he army of seamless unity and strength. International Finance Abstract: The assignment requires one to select one major economic sector in Tanzania and †¢Evaluate the FDI’S flow and †¢the importance of FDI’s in that sector during the past 4 years. †¢Identify the likely impairing factors to FDI’s in that sector. †¢Recommend what the government should do to attract more FDI’S Method After selecting the one major economic sector which is Agricultural sector, data were requested which will provide the end results of this assignment. ? Table of Contents 1. Introduction: Tanzania’s Economy4 2. Evaluation of Tanzania’s FDI’s flow5 . Importance of FDI in Agriculture in the past 4 years7 †¢Capital:7 †¢Technology:8 †¢Market Access:8 4. Factors Impairing FDI’s in Tanzania8 †¢Poor Infrastructure8 †¢Capacity8 †¢Bureaucracy8 †¢Corruption9 †¢Seasonality9 †¢Access to finance9 †¢Regulatory framework9 5. Recommendation to attract more FDI ’s10 6. Conclusion10 References. 12 1. Introduction: Tanzania’s Economy Tanzania is one of the world's poorest economies in terms of per capita income, with GDP growth of average 7% per year between 2000 and 2008 on strong gold production and tourism.However, the economy heavily depends on agriculture, which accounts for more than one-fourth of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs about 60% of the work force. Tanzania also depends on the World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors to provide funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging economic infrastructure, including rail and port infrastructure that are important trade links for inland countries. With the recent banking reforms that have helped increase private-sector growth and investment, and the government has increased spending on agriculture to 7% of its budget.Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported a positive growth rate, despite the world recession. Also, in 2008, Tanzania receive d the world's largest Millennium Challenge Compact grant, worth $698 million. Dar es Salaam used fiscal stimulus and loosened monetary policy to ease the impact of the global recession. GDP growth in 2009-10 was a respectable 6% per year due to high gold prices and increased production. Tanzania's economy was forecast to grow by 7. 2 percent in 2012, up from an estimated 6. 0 percent this year, provided weather conditions improve as reported by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).However, Tanzania's economy will grow by a median 6. 7 percent this year from 7. 0 percent last year, weighed down by chronic energy shortages, as reported by a Reuter’s poll. The median forecast by a poll of 11 analysts showed gross domestic product would rebound to 7. 1 percent next year in east Africa's second-largest economy. The downside risks to the growth outlook emanate mostly from the power rationing that has been going on in the country. It has compelled firms to resort to less productive sources of power. The Washington-based body earlier this year cut its 2011 growth projection for Tanzania from 7. percent because of widespread power outages triggered by drought in the predominantly hydropower producing country. Africa's fourth biggest gold producer, Tanzania mainly depends on tourism, mining and agriculture and is increasingly attracting higher investor interest in telecommunications, energy, manufacturing, financial services and transport. 2. Evaluation of Tanzania’s FDI’s flow The Government of Tanzania (GOT) generally has a favorable attitude toward foreign direct investment (FDI) and has made significant efforts to encourage foreign investment.After several years of growing FDI, new FDI declined sharply from USD 6. 68 billion in 2008 to USD 2. 3 billion in 2009. The number of new foreign projects registered at TIC dropped to 503 last year from 768 in 2008. There is no restriction in foreign exchange. Foreign investors generally receive national treatment; however, the Tourism Act of 2007 bars foreigners from engaging in some tourism-related businesses. The Dar Es Salaam Stock Exchange forbids companies with more than 60 percent foreign ownership from listing.There are no laws or regulations authorizing private firms to limit or prohibit foreign investment, participation, or control, and firms generally do not restrict foreign participation in practice. The global economic crisis had minimal impact on the Tanzanian financial sector due to its relatively low global integration, however tourist arrivals dropped up to 20 percent, new tourist projects fell by 50 percent, and FDI dropped within the natural resource sector, resulting in layoffs at gold mining firms and stalled mineral and gas exploration and development projects.The Tanzanian Investment Center (TIC), established by the Tanzanian Investment Act of 1997, is the focal point for all investors’ inquiries, screens foreign investments, and facilitates project sta rt-ups. Filing with TIC is not mandatory, but offers incentives for joint ventures with Tanzanians and wholly owned foreign projects above USD 300,000. The review process takes up to 10 days, and involves multiple GOT agencies, which are required by law to cooperate fully with TIC in facilitating foreign investment, but in practice can create bureaucratic delays.TIC continues to improve investment facilitation services, provide joint venture opportunities between local and foreign investors, and disseminate investment information. TIC does not have specific criteria for screening or approving projects, but considers factors such as: foreign exchange generation and savings, import substitution, employment creation, linkages to the local economy, technology transfer, and expansion of production of goods and services. Among investment and trade opportunities promoted by the TIC are agriculture, mining, tourism, telecommunications, financial services, and energy and transportation infra structure.The Economic Processing Zones Act 2006 authorized the establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to augment investments in the light industry, agro-processing industry and agriculture sectors. Greenfield foreign direct investments are allowed through this legislation. The Export Processing Zones Authority continues to promote Export Processing Zones (EPZ) to attract investments in agribusiness, textiles and electronics and Spatial Development Initiatives (SDI). Investors in EPZs are eligible for tax exemptions. Investments on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) are open to foreign investors, but capped at 60 percent.Foreign investors are barred from participating in government securities. The financial sector has continued to expand, with an increase in foreign-affiliated financial institutions and banks operating in Tanzania. As of December 2009, the Bank of Tanzania listed a total of 27 commercial banks licensed and operating in Tanzania, over half of which are fo reign-affiliated banks. Competition among these foreign commercial banks has resulted in significant improvement in the efficiency and quality of financial services.Tanzania expected to increase foreign direct investment (FDI) by 16 percent in 2010 from $645 million last year as the global economy recovers. Foreign direct investment in 2009 dropped from $679 million the year before as a result of the global financial crisis. The FDI inflows into east Africa's second largest economy were expected to surge to $800 million in 2011. Tanzania's economy mainly depends on tourism, mining and agriculture. Its telecommunications, energy, manufacturing, financial services and transport sectors are attracting rising investor interest.It is expected that most of the investments in 2010/11 will focus on tourism, agriculture and telecoms. The government is implementing investment reforms to woo foreign capital. According to the World Bank's Doing Business in the East African Community 2010 report , Tanzania fares poorly in key areas such as closing and starting a business, protecting investors, access to credit, cross border trade and issuance of construction permits. 3. Importance of FDI in Agriculture in the past 4 years Tanzania has more than 44 million hectares of arable land, and a wide variety of ecological zones, climates and water resources.The country could feed most of the East, Central and Southern African countries with food deficits. 80% of the population in Tanzania lives in rural areas and are in some way or another depending on agriculture. The agricultural sector is vital to Tanzania’s economy and therefore also to the reduction and eradication of poverty. Other advantages of FDIs in agricultural sector in Tanzania are as follows: †¢Capital: First and foremost FDI brings much needed capital to Tanzania. This helps the country to achieve rates of domestic investment higher than their domestic savings.Besides, the financial resources that FDI bring s in are in long term and non-debt creating. †¢Technology: There are a number of ways in which FDI through TNCs can help develop indigenous technology. Firstly TNCs usually bring in modern technology in agriculture and practices to Tanzania and help it upgrade its existing technology. †¢Market Access: TNCs in the agricultural sector has enabled Tanzania to better exploit its comparative advantage in international trade and thus gain access to global markets. 4. Factors Impairing FDI’s in Tanzania †¢Poor Infrastructure Lack of stable power has led to power outages throughout the country.It has compelled firms to resort to less productive sources of power. These power outages triggered by drought due to high reliance in the predominantly hydropower. Another significant constraint to improving FDI in Tanzania through agriculture is poor infrastructure within Tanzania. Insufficient investment in the road network has resulted in just 4,000 kilometers of Tanzaniaâ₠¬â„¢s 85,000 km road network being paved. Most of these unpaved roads are feeder roads in rural areas, and many routes become impassable after heavy rains. The country’s two railway systems are also unreliable, with dilapidated infrastructure and outdated rolling stock. Capacity TIC currently lacks the capacity to address the complicated and non-transparent investment clearance processes, to collect comprehensive and timely data for the research needed to facilitate both policy making and investment decision-making. †¢Bureaucracy Bureaucratic intransigence continues to pose a severe obstacle to doing business in Tanzania as in the rest of East Africa. Investors looking to startup businesses in Tanzania often complain about the level of red tape associated with issues such as the issuance of business licenses, company registration, building permits, land certificates and taxation. Corruption Corruption is an endemic problem in Tanzania and is often cited as one of the big gest hindrances to doing business. The World Bank 2006 Enterprise Survey indicates that 49. 5% of the surveyed companies reports that they expect to make informal payments to achieve specific goals. According to the 2006 IFC-World Bank Enterprise Survey, 20% of the companies surveyed expect to give gifts or make informal payments to get an operating license, and 32% to get a construction permit. †¢SeasonalityMore than 75% of Tanzanian enterprises are heavily affected by seasonality, whereby farmers sell their produce when prices are lowest and buy inputs for the next cropping season when prices are highest. †¢Access to finance Most enterprises in the rural areas are small scale and engage in or rely on agriculture. Bearing the above constraint, these small enterprises have a comparatively high risk, high transaction costs and low volumes, limiting access to capital. †¢Regulatory framework The economic growth potential of investments in agricultural land is questionabl e due to an inadequate regulatory framework governing (FDI) in the sector.FDI in agricultural sector in Tanzania can even jeopardize local resource users land rights. In such that farmers are giving away their most valuable assets to profit-seeking entities, based on information asymmetries and persuasion. 5. Recommendation to attract more FDI’s Including the ongoing reforms to woo investments, TIC continues to improve investment facilitation services, provide joint venture opportunities between local and foreign investors, and disseminate investment information.In order to attract more FDIs in the agricultural sector and to increase productivity and high quality output, effort is needed to understand and eliminate the barriers to smallholders that inhibit the growth of productivity. The structural problems facing smallholders such as limited access to information, to input and output and financial markets need rethinking that will attract more FDI to the sector. Such an arra ngement would involve smallholders being better organized in producer associations.Producer associations can improve productivity, reduce costs through supply chain linkages and improve competitiveness. They manage to do so by improving access to necessary and affordable input (technologies and credit). The second challenge is to build integration of production, transport, processing and marketing to take advantage of supply and demand value addition. Third is to ensure the introduction of innovation and knowledge on a continuing basis without subjecting members to high consultancy fees given the socio-economic conditions of smallholders. 6. ConclusionApart from general determinants such as macroeconomic stability, efficient institutions, political stability and a good regulatory framework, the smallholder institutional setup has positive impact on FDI flow into the sector. It has been observed that crops whose smallholders are well organized attracted more FDI. An important implica tion of the result is that FDI to the agricultural sector is not solely driven by policies and incentives to foreign investment and that the institutional setup of smallholder farmers can play an important role in promoting investments to the sector.In the short and medium term, efforts to foster integration and creation of strong bonds between smallholders and investors through integrated producer schemes can increase FDI to the sector and thus increase productivity. Other determinants such as investment regulatory frameworks, policies that promote macroeconomic economic stability, and improved physical infrastructure also have a role to play both in the short and long run. In the long run, more FDI can be attained by developing strong institutions in all sectors. ?
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)