Thursday, December 26, 2019

Kpop Influence Essay - 587 Words

The Korean pop music, commonly referred to as K-pop (it being an abbreviation of the term Korean pop), has actually become a greater part of the Korean pop. The K-pops popularity has been notably attributed to individualism and also talent. It is also worth noting that the music has been having a wide diversity through the collaboration with different musicians. K-pop has been however termed as being widely manufactured. In the recent years, the Korean entertainment companies are now heavily depending on the YouTube as a key medium for the purpose of spreading of the Korean culture. K-pop music has actually been, and is increasingly music for charlatans. There always been a place for those who are unable to neither play instrument nor†¦show more content†¦In order for one to well comprehend whether the Korean pop music is really mature or not, there are various aspects one ought to consider. First it is apparent that the Korean music industry is actually aging and not just the alleged sense of number increment. A number of idols that seems endless have had a constant debuting, giving singers in other genres no single chance to at least reach for the spotlight before its disappearance. Those who are the industry representatives universally agree that the very industry happens to be in a desperate need for quick and urgent measures. The industrys immaturity has led to many agreeing that the apparent possibility of success as pertains to todays current market with what is being referred to as normal music is just 0%. Allegations put forward to support the fact is that for example the idol groups of the first generation the likes of H.O.T, Sechskies, Fin.K.L and also the S.E.S were all termed as a shock and actually unconventional as they were mere high scholars, an average of 17-19 years old. Over the years, the concept has gone through many transformations and now includes the junior school students who apparently are younger than 15 years. Involvement of such young people in the industry makes it lack the sense of maturity even in the eyes of the rest of theShow MoreRelatedKpop influence filipino teenagers1780 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluenced their fandom. Statement of the Problem This study intends to determine the Influence of Korean music (K-Pop) to Flipino Teenagers. Specifically, this research intends to answer the following questions: Why do Filipino Teenagers like K-Pop? Why does Filipino Teenagers get addicted to K-Pop? How does Korean Music (K-Pop) influence Filipino Teenagers? How can Music Authorities influence Filipino Teenagers to patronize OPM? Objectives of the Study This Research intends toRead MoreWinter Wave : The Korean Wave And The Korean Wave936 Words   |  4 Pageswith gangsters, and etc. while rapping, and singing. Most international fans are attracted to this song with its catchphrase of â€Å"oppa gangnam style† with the iconic dancing that involves crossing arms and with alternating leg hops. The most direct influence of â€Å"Gangnam Style† could be seen on YouTube. â€Å"Gangnam Style† was released on July 15, 2012 and â€Å"..the viewpoints of Korean music vidoes increased threefold from 2012 to 2013†(Jung and Li). â€Å"Gangnam Style† was what initiated the interest in KoreanRead MoreKpop Versus American Pop1938 Words   |  8 Pagesselling out concerts like this? Is it Lady Gaga, Black Eyed Peas, Justin Bieber, Taylor Swift? Actually try none, of them, the artist who are selling out these concerts in major countries around the globe are actually part of a growing phenomenon called Kpop which is short for Korean pop. Now I know what your thinking there’s no way this could be true, oh but it is. Take for example South Korean rapper PSY, recently released a music video for his song called â€Å"Gangnam Style† this song and music video areRead MoreI Am An American Born Asian Male Teenager1900 Words   |  8 Pagesthe cool, len ient kind. I don’t fit under neither types and as a result, I became self-conscious of the way I act, not to also mention my overweight body. I didn’t know how to be myself while conforming to the stereotypes. That’s when I discovered Kpop, or Korean Pop Culture. I immersed myself into the music, the dramas, and even the food. I found a second home, even if it was through my computer. These korean stars were talented, funny, and most of all â€Å"cool.† They had an aura around them that IRead MoreKorean Pop6843 Words   |  28 Pagesbecome first in disseminating information, providing communication, moreover, in catering entertainment. Mass media provides entertainment; best examples of which are through watching television shows and surfing the internet. These things greatly influence its target audience to the extent that some already live by it, these people are called fanatics. [1] fa†¢nat†¢ic nounâ€Æ'/fəˈnatik/â€Æ' fanatics, plural A person filled with excessive and single-minded zeal, esp. for an extreme religious or political causeRead MoreNorth Korea And South Korea3228 Words   |  13 Pageswing and became a capitalist country. Following America’s footsteps, South Korea started to westernize its music and culture all together. After South Korea’s stock market crashed in October 1997, they started to focus their economic revenue on their kpop music, thus making it more western, appealing to an American audience. While Americans can embrace the K-wave, they should also be mindful of the political and economic motivations of South Korea. In addition to enjoying the K-wave, Americans needRead MoreKorean Pop Music And Its Effects1979 Words   |  8 PagesFor the past 4-5 years I have listened to Korean pop music as my main source of music. Over this time, a lot of changes have happened in the Kpop community but the most outstanding change was how much more popular Korean music has become worldw ide. Kpop has been around since the 90’s but has recently become much more popular globally with thanks to the internet and social media. Globalisation and its effects have been amplified extremely by the Internet which has facilitated communications betweenRead MorePinoy Youth’s Preference for Kpop (Korean Pop) Music: How Does It Affect Their Taste for Opm (Original Pilipino Music)?4877 Words   |  20 PagesPinoy Youth’s Preference for KPOP (Korean Pop) music: How does it affect their taste for OPM (Original Pilipino Music)? CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This particular research study aims to determine the Pinoy Youth’s Preference for Korean Pop Music and how does it affect their taste for Original Pilipino Music (OPM). Regarding this, the researchers will seek to know whether factors like rhythm and music composition of Korean Popular Music really affect the Pinoy teenagers’ preference towards OriginalRead MoreANIME ADDICTION2849 Words   |  12 Pagescommunication network or simply what we call internet, where all information that a fan need can be found. History of Kpop or Korean pop. I. History of Kpop or Korean Pop Every word or thing exist in this world has its own history or background which tells us how that certain word or thing started to exist. The study of the history of Kpop or Korean Pop shows details how they started, who influence them and how they became popular or rise up. A. 20th Century he history of Korean Popular music can be tracedRead MoreHistory And Emergence Of Hip Hop1832 Words   |  8 Pages  including  Psy  in  which  one  of  his  music  became  a  global  phenomenon.  Moreover,  a  new  genre  called  Kpop  also  emerged  during  the  1990 s  up  to  present.  Today,  The  melodies  of  Korean  music  are  quite  similar  to  the  mood  of  early  2000 s  rhythm  and  blues  music  from  America.  Reflections  of  African  American  music  are  quite  prominent  due  to  Korea s  western  influence  and  the  United  State s  heavy  influence  of  Negro  spirituals  deriving  in  the  1800s  during  slavery  of  which  you  still  see  in  music  today.  St

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Everchanging Diagnosis of Autism Essay - 1668 Words

The Everchanging Diagnosis of Autism Throughout the years the diagnosis of autism has changed dramatically. Once, it was mistakenly diagnosed as childhood schizophrenia. Now that much more extensive research has been done, researchers have found distinct characteristics that are typical of autistic individuals. It is most often characterized by difficulty in the childs ability to respond to people, events, and objects. Responses to sensations of light, sound, and feeling may be exaggerated. Delayed speech and language may be associated. Other characteristics include: impairment in ability to make peer friendships, absence of imaginative activity, stereotyped body movements, persistent preoccupation with parts of objects,†¦show more content†¦The DSM classifies the different types of PDD which are often mistaken as autism. The other PDD are Aspergers Disorder, Retts Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, PDD-NOS, which is commonly referred to as atypical autism. The term autistic spectrum disorder is frequently used to acknowledge the diversity and severity of autism . The characteristics and symptoms of autism can present themselves in a wide variety of combinations. There is no standard type and no such thi ng as a typical person with autism. The most commonly used terms to describe people with autism are: autistic-like, autistic tendencies, autistic spectrum, high functioning, or low functioning, and more-abled or less-abled. Autistic disorder is also know as Infantile Autism or Kanners Syndrome. Most children with this condition exhibit poor social skills, and impaired cognitive functioning and language. What is it that causes this national crisis, affecting over 400,000 families, and costing the nation over 13 billion dollars. Autism is the third most common developmental disorder, more common than Down Syndrome, multiple sclerosis, or cystic fibrosis, and autism research still receives less than 5% of the funding of the other diseases. With the lack of funding, researchers from all over the world are spending a

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Life On Other Planets Essay Example For Students

Life On Other Planets Essay Life On Other PlanetsLife exists on other planets. Out of the billions of solar systems, there has to be a chance that a least a couple planets have the ability to support life. Life may have developed on the planets like life developed here, but it may have developed differently also. Are they more intelligent than we are or are they single-celled organisms? Do they have broadcast capabilities, so they can contact us?It goes back to how life on Earth started. In the early days of Earth, the atmosphere was just carbon monoxide, but algae developed into plants which produced oxygen (Rather and Bowen 2). That brings us to the question of how the algae got here. The answer to that question may lay right beneath us, at the bottom of the earth. There are scientists in Antarctica digging in the snow hoping to find some answers. Some of earths fossil records indicate that within a billion year period of its formation as a planet, as soon as heavy bombardment by asteroids ceased, primitive o rganisms such as bacteria and algae evolved and spread around the globe very quickly. Those organisms illustrated the totality of life here for the next two billion years or so. Therefore, if life exists on other planets, it might well be in this highly uncommunicative form. Consequently it might be a while until it would finally evolve into a slightly intelligent form of life. As algae became more extensive, they began adding large amounts of oxygen to Earths atmosphere. The manufacturing of oxygen, fed by energy derived from sunlight, is fundamental to carbon-based life. Oxygen is a chemically reactive gas; without continued replenishment by algae and, later in Earths evolution, by plants, its concentration would fall. Consequently, the presence of large amounts of oxygen in a planets atmosphere is a good indicator that some form of carbon-based life may exist there. But there is still a problem as to how the initial jump from non-alive to alive came about. We know a lot of details, and have a pretty good idea of how life got from algae to cat to man, but how we ended up with algae is the big question here. This mystery makes it hard for us to figure out how life would arise on other planets. Life is not all that mysterious, it is a property of a collection of extremely complex molecules (Britt 1). In order to help people figure out what planets out there could support life and may have life on them, we have to look at what life needs to survive. If other planets had carbon-based life they would likely have the same or close to the same chemistry that earth has. Water is an excellent solvent for lifes biological reactions and serves as a source of needed hydrogen. Carbon is a particularly suitable building block of life. Carbon is abundant in this universe, and no other known element can form the myriad of complex but stable molecules necessary for life as we know it. It is believed that if a planet looks like Earth and has liquid water and oxygen, then this would present strong evidence for its having life. There could be some other non-biological source on a lifeless planet. Life could also develop from some other type of chemistry that does not generate oxygen. We should still be able to detect all stirring from chemical residues. There is a theory that maybe life came from outer space, or the comets and meteorites in it. Like giant interstellar sperm, comets might transport the seeds of life from collapsed space clouds to fledgling and otherwise barren planets, depositing their life-giving substances in a colossal impact (Britt 1). A new computer shows that at least one building block of DNA could develop in space when giant clouds of molecular matter collapse under their own gravity, squeezing and forcing chemical reactions. If the controversial theory gains support, it would be a shot in the arm for an idea more than 20 years old: that life on Earth originated in space (Britt 1). This theory could explain how life got started on our planet so soon after this planet was formed. It definitely proposes that life is not as rare or as tough to jump-start as we might think. This confirms the idea that life isnt all that rare. .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969 , .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969 .postImageUrl , .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969 , .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969:hover , .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969:visited , .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969:active { border:0!important; } .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969:active , .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969 .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u824cf5c8f1a6f0de76171063be417969:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Tragic Challenger Explosion EssayThe list of planets beyond our solar system is growing by leaps and bounds, and scientists are developing new methods to expand their reach toward these other worlds. The tally of extra solar planets has raised to more than 50. All of these planets were detected indirectly, in most cases using a radial velocity technique that analyzes subtle variations in the light coming from distant stars (Boyle 1). Planet-hunters say such differences are generated as they orbit the stars. The most notable detection relates to a planet circling the star Epsilon Eridani, just 10.5 light years or about 63 trillion miles away (Boyle 1). That would make i t the closest world ever found beyond our solar system. Researchers analyzed nearly 20 years worth of observations from four different telescopes to conclude that the faint variations in Epsilon Eridanis spectrum were caused by a circling planet (Boyle 1). Some scientists have been looking at dust trails around stars and have concluded that dust trails bare the signatures of unseen planets. But all of the planets found in this manner are thought to have orbits much wider than Plutos track around our sun, meaning that they will most likely not be inhabitable by life. Were now at a stage where we are finding planets faster than we can investigate them and write up the results (Boyle 4). All of these results hint that our celestial neighborhood could be a fertile field for planets like Earth. None of the methods used so far are fine enough to detect Earth-like planets directly. However, in the next 10 years, scientists hope to develop space-based instruments capable of spotting such wo rlds around relatively nearby stars (Boyle 4). Possibly even analyze their atmospheres for signs of life. In order to find some of these planets people need to have a lot more powerful telescopes than they now have. To detect them we would have to have a telescope 100 meters in diameter in space but we cannot launch something like that (Dalton and Lambie 2). Many scientists believe that planets similar in size, distance from the sun, and have oceans of water like Earth are likely to sustain life. If each star has planets spanning a range of orbital distances, as occurs in our solar system, then one of those planets is likely to orbit at the right distance to sustain liquid water, even if the star shines more or less brightly than the sun. Temperature means little if a planets gravitational pull cannot hold on to oceans and an atmosphere. If distance from a star were the only factor to consider, Earths moon would have liquid water (Angel and Wolff 3). But gravity depends on the size and density of the body. Because the moon is smaller and less dense than Earth, its gravitational pull is much weaker. Any water or layers of atmosphere that might develop on or around such a body would quickly be lost to space. Three key compounds that we would expect to find on inhabited planets ozone, carbon dioxide, and water leave strong imprints in a pla nets infrared spectrum. To see a planets infrared spectrum, the telescope would have to be placed in space. There would be no way that a telescope on Earth would be able to see the planets infrared spectrum. Polls show that 54% of Americans are convinced that there are aliens out there, to say nothing of the significant fraction (30%) who suspect weve already been visited by them (Golden 1). If there is other life out there, what are the chances of finding it in our lifetime, or even our childrens lifetime. Conditions have to be just perfect to develop life. Under the right circumstances life can arise pretty easily. That is if it does reach a level advanced enough to broadcast its presence, it wont destroy itself in a nuclear war or an environmental meltdown before firing off Earth-bound messages. Could this be a prophecy of what will become of this planet? Hunting for extraterrestrials requires a lot of faith (Golden 1). Even scientists shy of success dont want to be malcontents. They agree on the importance of continuing the quest, not just for the microbes on Mars or Europa but also for those faint signals from some remote world. The question still stands. Does life exist on other planets? Are they intelligent or are they microbes? Will we ever really know? Science

Monday, December 2, 2019

Public Policy Rulings

The US amended its constitution in 1965 to include everybody in national voting process. The law outlawed discriminations based on ethnic and racial qualities that had been practiced since independence. In this regard, Africans had been disenfranchised because they could not elect leaders of their choice.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Policy Rulings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Act followed the 15th amendment, which prohibited states from imposing any electoral merits or pre-requisites to candidates. Such conditions were viewed as direct violation of voting rights. The act eliminated the rule stating that a voter could only vote after passing a literacy test. The rule was widely used during slavery to bar Africans from electing their preferred leaders. The American Civil War played a bigger role in eliminating unfavorable laws that were based on racial and tribal lines. The head of state appended his signature to the rule making it a national law in 1965. The act provided extensive federal supervision of elections. It stated that regions with repressive voting practices could not execute any change that would affect voting without seeking approval from the state authority in charge of elections. The process was termed as preclearance, meaning that a universal body could control elections. The law affected many states in the south because they had a system that discriminated blacks. The congress has amended the Act several times, the recent being the 2006 alteration that was signed into law by George Bush. Even though the Act was lauded as a landmark to civil rights legislation, critics have established many weaknesses. As noted earlier, the bill has been reviewed four times. The law was evaluated in 1970, 1975, 1982 and 2006. The 1982 review made section two of the act permanent. The paper will therefore look at the differences and some similarities between the original act of 1965 and the amended article of 2006. It should be noted that there are many similarities between the two articles. The two articles aim at providing the rights of voters and keeping off repressive rules and regulations. The main similarity is that both articles still demand that states, which practiced repression and discrimination, must seek permission from the Department of Justice before introducing new changes to their electoral laws. This has raised controversies because the states could have abolished the repressive rules long ago but they are still required to comply with the new law.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The states in the south such as Arizona, Alabama, Mississippi and Texas suffer from stigmatization because they practiced discrimination before the law was introduced in 1965. Critics argue that the law should either be extended to all states or be eliminated. In 2006, the law applied to the case involving Northwest Austin Municipality Utility District No. 1 v. Holder. The council intended to amend its policies in order to move voting from a private home to a public school. The judges claimed that the officials of the council had to follow the due procedure dictated by the 1965 act. In 2010, Florida intended to amend its constitution in order to prevent gerrymandering in future. The governor requested for permission from the Department of Justice. The same procedures were followed as provided in the 1965 and 2006 acts. The 2006 act is a bit different because it appreciates the difficulties that Africans go through during presidential voting. The law was adjusted after examining the difficulties experienced by blacks in the states of Ohio and Florida. Blacks were perpetually subjugated and state authorities violated their rights. The states provided few voting machines forcing Africans to queue for long. This could mean that so me blacks did not participate in voting due to unnecessary queues. The 2006 law provides that states must avail enough voting machines in all voting centers. In case of difficulties, the Department of Justice would intervene to restore normalcy. The 2006 act is different from the 1965 act because it addresses the problem of representation. The congress aimed at strengthening the provisions of section two that were designed in 1982. Blacks had been experiencing hardships as regards to office holding. Leaders were adamant to accept blacks and other races because of racism and ethnicity. The 1982 amendment forced the south states to drop electoral rules that barred Africans from accessing governmental power and authority. In Arizona for example, electoral laws prevented Latinos from contesting equally with their white counterparts. The 2006 law aims at ensuring equality and equal privileges during campaigns and elections.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Po licy Rulings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that other races in Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas and some parts of New York could be provided with adequate security during elections. This is aimed at protecting blacks and other races from intimidation caused by whites during elections. The 2006 act identified the new form of discrimination that resurfaced within other organs of government. The law establishes that racism and ethnicity surface when there is a close contest meaning that judges rule in favor of the white race. The 2006 law provides that judges must be impartial in their rulings. The law provides some mechanisms that could be used to guarantee fairness within the judiciary. This essay on Public Policy Rulings was written and submitted by user Liam Richardson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

buy custom Embracing Technology in Education essay

buy custom Embracing Technology in Education essay In the little schoolhouse painted red that lies in the depth of America, children craving to acquire education sit in rows. These children wait eagerly for what the wise teacher writing on the blackboard has to offer them for that particular day. A clear indication that the teacher is indeed wise is illustrated by the shiny apples that she offers the children as an appreciation for their respect and gratitude. American education however, displays a very different setting from the one mentioned above. The classrooms, beige in color are filled with texters and passers who never concentrate and often make the teacher to struggle to pass information to the students. In this kind of a set up, the bright students are often bored while those slow to understand are left behind. There is great anxiety concerning standardized testing and results to low scores. According to National surveys, the education quality in America has been doubted by most parents and it has been proven that their doubts have a good basis since the test results confirm this openly. It is however on the contrary that most parents speak well of their childrens teachers and in the process tend to support their own representatives despite the fact that most Americans are in disapproval of the congressional monkeyshines (Ward, 2010). If persons were asked how they experienced their school days, most of them would definitely display mixed feelings on the issue. One thing would stand out is the relationship that existed between them and their teacher. This thus brings out the reason why parents and more so politicians get worried when a kid tends to be more attached to a computer than a teacher. Since we have had the opportunities to try all the other modes of education, it is worth making a try of online education. Through the influence of Arne Duncan the Education Secretary, experienced government officials have made a vow to make a change in the education sector. It is evident that the reforms offered y most of the federal race placed at the top with regards to funds, bring minor changes to the status quo instead of giving encouragement to innovative education. The development of post-secondary education has taken over 10 years and has cost $500 million as a result of the efforts of Duncan since it has thrived without federal assistance. This achievement however has succeeded 15 years late than planned and a bit expensive than it had been budgeted. There has been notable change of lifestyle since the inception of the internet mid 1990s. Amazon and eBay for instance have brought significant improvement in shopping, Google has made information finding very easy, and Facebook has helped keep our friends closure while iTunes has brought a positive impact in our consumption of music. It is rather unfortunate that even with the significant change in technology; kids remain glued in analogue schools (Ward, 2010). Perhaps the existence of teachers unions is the major reason for upholding the traditional classrooms where teachers supervise the children. Although technology has improved a great deal, children are still learning on blackboards and books. It would be proper if they were to learn the same way they acquire information online. The very first step to initiate change is putting reading materials as well as lecture notes online. This situation can allude to the olden days movies where filmmakers shot stage plays and with this regard kids are still watching such kinds of films while the 3-D versions are readily available. It turns out to be very difficult to understand why an English teacher would struggle as the old Shakespeares day to tech a class while YouTube can offer so much on theater arts and film technology such as Elizabeth Theater and Kennedy Center Arts Edge site. Bill Gates listed that online education in the U.SA is among his first priority in his foundations annual letters and with this regard endowed $33 billion. Bill Gates aimed at initiating reforms in eduucation and pointed out that it is very essential to implement interactive forums where students can be assessed for what they know and what they do not know. There is great need of developing mechanisms where teachers can be able to comfortably gauge the number of students who have grasped the concepts taught as well as devising ways of assisting those who have not. Online education has proven its worth due tot the fact that virtual charter schools are already operating in various states. A good example is the Florida Virtual School which offers online classes to its students particularly those enrolled in state system. Teachers are apparently available for any consultations from the students from 8 a.m to 8p.m through phone or e-mail. It is only when it becomes clear that all the students have understood the concept that the state cuts a funding check. This ensures very remarkable performance for the kids who enroll in this institution. In Clayton Christensen book, "Disrupting Class," it is estimated that by the year 2019 most of the high schools in the United States will consume education over the internet. This will however take a lot of efforts if at all is to be achieved since only seventeen percent of the students in high school took an online course last year for school while twelve percent took it for self study. Most of these students are signing up for virtual schools that are in line with the state system although majority of them can be considered to have acquired the information via homeschooling system. It is thus clear that online education is the best remedy for reshaping the education system. Embracing new technology in the education sector would ensure the delivery of quality education and leave no single student without the complete concept of what is taught. Online system can also be set up to ensure more and better supervision than any other learning system. Initiating change in our education system thus proves to the right answer for the improvement of the education system. Buy custom Embracing Technology in Education essay

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Free Essays on Multicultural Philosophy

The aspect I feel most strongly about in my literacy framework is diversity. Literature is a wondrous way to expose students to diversity. I am a firm believer in multicultural and culturally conscious literature. By using these types of books my students get a fascinating depiction of other cultures, languages, and races. In using these books I feel that my students will become more sensitive, knowledgeable, and well-rounded, in turn making them more valuable citizens. I believe in the transformation approach to diversity. â€Å"In this approach, the nature of the curriculum is transformed to include the perspective of subordinate cultures to concepts, historical events, and issues† (Leu and Kinzer, 206). I will continuously base many of my thematic literacy units on diversity. In doing this, I feel my students will be exposed to culturally conscious biographies, autobiographies, poetry, and historical fiction. Finally, I feel that incorporating diversity into my lit eracy framework will help my students to become open-minded and insightful to the world we will in. Integrating diversity into my literacy curriculum is crucial for my students.... Free Essays on Multicultural Philosophy Free Essays on Multicultural Philosophy The aspect I feel most strongly about in my literacy framework is diversity. Literature is a wondrous way to expose students to diversity. I am a firm believer in multicultural and culturally conscious literature. By using these types of books my students get a fascinating depiction of other cultures, languages, and races. In using these books I feel that my students will become more sensitive, knowledgeable, and well-rounded, in turn making them more valuable citizens. I believe in the transformation approach to diversity. â€Å"In this approach, the nature of the curriculum is transformed to include the perspective of subordinate cultures to concepts, historical events, and issues† (Leu and Kinzer, 206). I will continuously base many of my thematic literacy units on diversity. In doing this, I feel my students will be exposed to culturally conscious biographies, autobiographies, poetry, and historical fiction. Finally, I feel that incorporating diversity into my lit eracy framework will help my students to become open-minded and insightful to the world we will in. Integrating diversity into my literacy curriculum is crucial for my students....

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Sales Force Compensation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sales Force Compensation - Research Paper Example ch is to accelerate desired behaviors in the entire workforce along with the reinforcement of the overall business strategy that will boost the firm’s performance (Mia & Evans, 2007). Unilever ensures that its total rewards program is supportive to achieve the desired targets of the company and the Human Resource (HR) professionals of the company have ensured that it possesses six features that are vital for the effectiveness of this program (WorldatWork, 2007). The main features of the total rewards approach are as follows: 1. Compensation – It is the most important part of the entire program as it is the basic pay structure that comprises of both fixed and variable pays along with the long-term and short-term incentives. The fixed amount is the base salary which remains constant for every salesperson and the variable pay is dependent on the method used i.e. commission, pay-for-performance, piece-rate pay, time-rate pay and others. The other incentives comprise of bonuses, profit-sharing, ownership share and etc. 3. Benefits – These are the factors that the employees are looking for in their jobs in addition to the monetary payment that they receive such as medical benefits, life insurance benefits, social security, unemployment and etc. These other benefits are valued highly by the employees and at times employees may not opt for jobs that do not provide such benefits. 4. Rewards and Recognition – When employees achieve something highly desirable or challenging, they need to be shown the appreciation either by giving them rewards in the form of bonuses, profit sharing, share ownership or announcing the success within the organization to declare the person’s valuable contribution in the company. 5. Work-life balance – The employees have to be provided support in maintaining adequate balance between the work, personal life and community responsibilities. They can be provided with financial support, paid and unpaid vacations, caring for dependents

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot Essay

Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot - Essay Example Nevertheless, these perfect couple tips and stories spread stereotypes in the society regarding men and women. In Robert Olen Butler’s story, Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot, he tells a story about a relationship that doesn’t fit the typical stereotypes. Based on the typical relationship portrayed in the media, men typically have the power in a relationship when it comes to sexual freedom and emotional control, but in this story that isn’t the case because the stereotypical gender roles are switched. In order to critically assess the context of relationship and gender stereotypes, Soraya Chemaly’s reading Five Ways Sexual Assault is really about Entitlement will be parallel in discussion. It is quiet an evident fact that by pressurizing individuals to keep themselves within the boundaries with little education about the issues that may affect them is a resultant of rebellious behavior. It is the stereotypes within the society that had made critic al for relationships to grow mature. As per the article entitled Five Ways Sexual Assault is really about Entitlement, it becomes easier to understand that people follow practiced stereotypes that would end up in issues like assault with increasing rates. In most of the societies in the world, it is believed that men have the ability to have entitlement for every action that they do. In the historical periods of time, it had been noticed that gender discrimination was higher to an extent where females were not even allowed to express their perspectives. The author Robert Olen Butler has shown a very different image of women to the readers showing that if by chance women would switch their roles then it will be complicated for men to adjust to the issues of ego (Chemaly). If compared with the article written by Soraya, it rather comes to understanding that people who believe that by telling the victim to beware of actions that would have them involved in any assault have to think of better solutions. The increasing percentage of sexual assaults carried in college includes women to a higher percentage rather than men. It is rather due to the fact that it is an accepted behavior that women are supposedly a possession that allows men superiority. In other words, it is the element of respect that is clearly absent in the society. As suggested by Soraya, men need to be treated in such a way that they will respect women in return. The solution is to allow education to males who have been trained to act for entitlement (Chemaly). Women on their own part also have to play a very important role. The story of Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot gives out a lesson to men and women that consideration given to a third party is not always for the sake of sexual desire. There are other relationships such as friendship that tends to bring two people in a formal way. As a matter of fact, the jealous husband (narrator in the story) thinks that his wife should only be entit led to him. Any discussion about other men should be ignored. By doing so, a man merely ends up running his own good time with his woman. The key is to get away with the feelings of entitlement. If one will be suspicious and not able to trust on his woman then it is more likely to experience that women will cheat on them (Butler). This clarifies the issues in hand that there is an avid need of understanding within relationships. The articles sending out

Sunday, November 17, 2019

How did the two World Wars affect Africa and Africans Essay Example for Free

How did the two World Wars affect Africa and Africans Essay There were different implications and effects that were caused by the World War I and II to African and Africans as well. Many lives were lost and many were rendered useless. Though there are a lot of things that were achieved during this period, there are others that brought about great problems to people. In 1940, German armies were motivated to believe that Africans were in deed their enemies and there was a need to address the issue. With engaging in war with France, and France had several blacks in their army, they were the main target and they were being killed more than their white counterparts. German was fighting people who were below the Nazi, or who Nazi believed they were mutilating their colleagues (Raffael, 596). The effects of the war brought both the positive and negative effects to Africans and Africa as well. Nazi hierarchy had already begun to kill those who they thought were below their Aryan. This was a great suffering for Africans because they were being killed mercilessly. Even they are among their French counterparts, there was no African who was captured and imprisoned but instead they were killed. The other problem was that the Geneva regulations were not applicable to Africans. This was because, the Nazi rule and theory was that the rules were only applicable to the whites but not Africans, thus raising another effect to the African as they were killed without any word or anyone to defend them. Though there were some of the German militaries who were supporting Africans and defending them, those who were Nazified had not respect to Africans. This helped the African soldiers show their heroism as they were trying to defend themselves and in most cases being placed in the front line in the battle, they had to try their best and defend their combat. They believed that African culture believed that whenever an African gets his enemy, he would use coupe-coupe, which was believed was a deadly weapon compared to other short range weapons. They also believed that Africans were already on the attack positions and they would not hesitate attacking their rivals. They used this as a justification of killing Africans (Raffael, 600). In Africa, Africans had already learnt that there is nothing special with the whites and there is nothing whites can do blacks cant do. Africans developed resistant powers and they were now defending their land against occupation by whites. Africans were fighting for freedom and independence. This was not going well with whites in Europe as the information they were getting is that Africans are mutilating their people, raping their women and killing others. This brought about the justification of the Germans illegal activities of killing blacks and mutilating them ‘This charge became an ob- session of some German officers and soldiers and helped to justify the killings of black soldiers and the no-quarters policy in some battles with the’ (Raffael, 600). Most of the African Countries, though they had already suffered a lot, they had already started fighting whites and they managed to get their independence and have their own governments without of the colonial rules.

Friday, November 15, 2019

The Catcher In The Rye 3 :: essays research papers

'Sometimes characters can allow a strong feeling or emotion to dominate their lives.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden allows the strong feelings and emotions of death, society, school and innocence to dominate his life. Holden is a very sensitive boy who can not ignore his problems, instead he dwells on them. These feelings and emotions are dominant because Holden believes strongly in them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The strong negative feelings that Holden has for his school and it's community are present because of it's concern for an image. When students do not put in they are expelled to keep the schools high academic rating, This is represented when Holden says 'I got the axe. They give guys the axe quite frequently at Pencey.'; he does not like this as it does not allow students to be individuals and be who they really want to be. Another reason Holden dislikes school so much is because the way teachers have an unfair authority over their students. Mr Spencer used his authority when he read out Holden's paper. holden thought this was rude and said 'I don't think I'll ever forgive him for reading me that crap out loud. I wouldn't've read it out loud to him if he'd written it - I really wouldn't.';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden is not fond of the society that he lives in. It is a superficial society that worships the movies and actors because they portray a type of living that seems wonderful, although it is very false. Holden does not like the movies, he views them as a world that people wish they could be in. An example of this is when Holden says 'If there is one thing I hate, it's the movies.'; Holden also dislikes the actors. He feels that they do not act like common people instead they act 'more like they knew they were celebrities'; and that annoyed him because he can not understand why people admire them so much. He thinks that actors are shallow and create an even bigger misconception on life. Holdens way to cope with society is to wear his red hunting hat in public. This is a way for him to demonstrate that he is different and that he will not conform to the way society and people want him to. This is shown when he calls his hat 'a people shooting hat';. Holden feels that society is too concerned with materialism and appearance and he does not want to bee a part of it and this is why he wears his red hunting hat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The death of Holden's bother has effected him tremendously.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Nissan: Culture and Earlier Cg Uses

CM J41 Strategy Execution [pic] 1. 0 Resume: The case is about the turnaround of Nissan in the year 1999 to 2002. Nissan experienced great finances looses for the past seven out of eight years which resulted in a 22 billion $ debt and an outdated product portfolio with little liquid capital for new product development. In just 12 months the new COO, Carlos Ghosn (CG), succeeded in turning Nissan into profitability with a new and more performance oriented corporate culture. 2. Evaluation of Carlos Ghosn’s approach to turning Nissan around: The overall evaluation of CG is full of success which, I think, is duo to his personal background, his philosophies of management and a little bit of luck. CG has a multicultural background and has proven himself having capacity for global leadership. In his career he has learned to manage large operations under adverse condition on four different continents and speaks five languages. He has a very open and pragmatic approach towards his surr oundings, with this in mind his specialty is improving cost efficiencies, and this has earned him the nickname â€Å"Le Cost-Killer†.CG philosophies of management consist of three principals. These are transparency, execution and communication which all are essential to give employees structure and direction. His leadership style is characterized by him being achievement orientated, participative, supportive and directive leader. Furthermore a unique quality and vital factor for CG success is in my opinion was his implementation of the Cross Functional Teams (CFT) and his approach to cultural conflict, which he sees as an opportunity to create rapid innovation, if paced and channelled correctly. In the above mentioned I state, that CGs approach was a success.In the following four aspects I will try to prove this, by stressing out different arguments from the case combined with relevant theory. 2. 1 Resistance to change: People do not resist change but specific things. (Notes lec. 5) Over 50 % of all change initiatives in organizations fail to succeed and when this occurs, leaders often blame resistance. They assume that if only people would stop complaining and get on board, all would be fine (Ford et al. , 2009). But resistance is, in fact, a form of feedback, often provided by people who know more about day-to-day operations than you do.It can therefore be turned into a vibrant conversation that gives your change effort a higher profile (Ford et al. , 2009). This could be one of the reasons to why CG set up the CFT. Dismissing the feedback deprives you of potentially valuable information, costs you goodwill, and jeopardizes important relationships. If you learn to embrace resistance, you can use it as a resource and find your way to a better solution (Ford et al. , 2009). Resistance, properly understood as feedback, can be an important resource in improving the quality and clarity of the objectives and strategies at the heart of a change proposal.And, properly used, it can enhance the prospects for successful implementation (Ford et al. , 2009). Looking at the theory applied and the case, I believe that the resistance to change that CG faced was inevitable. As I see it one of the main reasons for resistances was due to the culture background, however there were several of underlying causes that could create a tension and resistance to change at Nissan. One is a more general conflict that arises when trying to move people, who do not find movement necessary.Another resistance point could be the urge for protecting ones career development, which before the intervention of CG was based on promotion on seniority basis and a zero mistake culture, which resulted in general a lack of innovation, a slow decision making and risk adverse mentality. To this CG responded with a change in the career development structure at Nissan, so that the highest achievers got the highest rewards and promotion was based on performance, leading to higher performance, willingness to make mistakes and create an innovation platform.Although these initiatives where not without resistance, because of the promotion of some younger leader over older, long serving employees which was in opposition to Japanese culture norms, CG took the same approach as with cultural differences and saw growth opportunities instead of problems for the young managers since they where challenged in their authority, which gave them growth experiences. As an overall when it comes to turning a company around as drastically as was needed for Nissan it is bound to create some resistance, and that CG new and was prepared for.Such a big change makes the future uncertain for many employees and the uncertainty is something many naturally try to avoid, and thereby instinctively becomes resistant. This Combined with a strong Japanese traditions, an organizational culture that has hindered innovation, adaptability and accountability, and last but not least a Japanese gov ernment that historically always have bailed out troubled employees, thereby creating no reason for action, and a feeling of no urgency, only made the resistance worse.All this being said, I am convinced that CG handed the resistance to change ideally. He didn’t as Ford el al. points out hold any possible reason for failure on resistance, and thereby risking overlooking opportunities to strengthen operational outcomes. 2. 2 Organizational culture: A part of the organizational culture at Nissan was the sub optimization with focus only on each individuals own department with little regard for understanding the company as a whole. This including other aspects of the organizational culture resulted in CG detecting a series of problems.From management side, the most fundamental ones was the lack of vision and ignoring customer voices. Furthermore he identified problems with, lack of clear profit orientation, lack of sense of urgency, no shared vision, insufficient focus on custome r and too much focus on competitors and lack of cross functional implementations. As a consequence of these findings CG organized nine CFTs for tackling Nissan’s cultural problems, and allowing the company to develop a new corporate culture from the best elements of Japan`s national culture.Working together in the CFTs helped managers think in new ways (innovation) and challenge the existing practices (efficiency). CG explained to employees at all levels of the company that they them selves possessed solutions to Nissan’s problems, giving them a sense of responsibility and ownership in turning Nissan around. It was neither top-down nor bottom-up. It was both â€Å"top-down and bottom-up. † CG could just have formulated solutions by himself and ordered them to be implemented by senior managers, but he believed in the managers and employees in Nissan, nd he was good at showing them this. As mentioned in 2. 0 he believed that if one just dictated changes from above , the effort could backfire, undermining morale and productivity. The CFTs was a way to minor the resistance to change and involve and motivate middle managers who had detailed information about the company’s daily business and had the potential to come up with solutions to the company’s problems. Even before taking over the position as COO, he had industry analysts against him, whom anticipated a culture clash between the French leadership style and his new Japanese employees.This could also have affected some employee attitude towards CG in a negative way beforehand. Besides this I am convinced that many parts of the Nissan organization did not feel very good about having CG changing things as drastically as he did. A labeling from the media as a gaijin, a foreigner and a reduction of 21,000 jobs, will inevitably create an uncertainty and therefore opponents among both lower level employees as well as higher in the hierarchy.Also the new employee advancement strategy , which challenged the traditional career advancement, created some negative emotions towards CG among the older, longer serving employees, since they were no longer automatically granted with a career advancement for long time service in the company. Furthermore, layoff of several of managers who did not meet targets regardless of circumstances and the demotion of Vice President of Sales and Marketing in Japan presumably created resistance and discontent.But I do believe that CG was successful in enlisting most of the organizations support over a fairly short period of time, though his leadership style, where his visibility and openness to taking recommendations & opinions of Nissan people seriously. Another reason is the respect for leadership that is inherent in most Japanese. This made his approach to leadership even more effective. Also the delegation of responsibilities to the CFTs helped getting the support of middle and lower levels, so he could focus his attention on top ma nagement. 2. 3 National culture:The national culture has without a doubt played a large part in the outcome of CG’s attempt to turn Nissan around. On one hand it hindered change because of the sense of security the government created and its rigid approach to decision making and career advancement. On the other hand the respect for leadership made it easier for him and his CFTs to have an impact on the organization. The cultural differences between CG and the Nissan organization was profound because he had never been exposed to Japanese culture before, but his approach to the culture ensured that he was fully aware of the issues that could arise.He stated that he wanted to discover Japan by being in Japan with Japanese people. That shows his humble and respectful approach to their culture, which I think benefited him allot and which I in the following will show some examples of. The respectful approach to the Japanese culture forced e. g. CG to pay extra attention on the empo werment of employees. As mentioned, Japanese business culture is characterized by a search for conscientiousness, corporation, group harmony, and an avoidance of mistakes. This all leads to a delay of decision making and a lack of responsibility.The introduction of CFTs was in my opinion a strategic stroke of genius because it was partly an attempt to break with the inconveniences of Japanese culture without harassing the fundamentals and partly because people in the CFTs got a bird’s eye perspective of the company and it gave them a sense of ownership and responsibility, which was necessary to turn things around. Cultural conflict could, in my opinion, easily be a root to resistance to change but as mentioned earlier CG uses and see cultural conflict as something positive if handled correctly, which also is in line with both Ford et al. and Dent et al. iew of how resistance to change should be handled (Ford et al. , 2009) (Dent et al. , 1999). By introducing the CFTs CG also avoided the failure that many companies often do in the execution of their strategy, which is going directly to the structural reorganization. Instead he focused on some of the most powerful drivers of effectiveness – decision rights and information flows (Nielson et al, 2008). The CFTs had in their ability of being cross functional all the information they needed to take the right decisions and by encouraging the members to come forth with their ideas and take risks the effectiveness of the CFTs was even greater.CG also changed the traditional Japanese compensation system to a more Western approach with possibility for employee advancements based on performance instead of seniority. This greatly empowered the talented employees, who was much needed in the turnaround but was also a source of conflict between young leader and older, longer-serving employees. But again CG saw a possible conflict as a positive thing. â€Å"†¦these tests of authority were growth experience s for young managers†.This shows again his personal ability to turn challenges into something good and productive. 2. 4 Luck and timing: There is no doubt that CG was lucky. His timing was impeccable as the bankruptcy of Yamaichi happened when he took office as COO in Nissan. The misfortune of the major financial house in Japan helped open the eyes of the employees in Nissan. The employees realized that lifetime employment was no longer a reality and that they had to do their own part to secure the company’s future and thus their own jobs.CG, to his credit, used the Yamaichi example whenever he could to continue to motivate his employees, repeating that their fate would be no different if they did not put all of their effort into figuring out, and then executing, the best way to turn Nissan around. By repeating the story CG paved the way for a major organizational and cultural change that otherwise would have been hard to push through. If people do not see why change is necessary, then motivation for change will be nonexistent.Moving a huge organization simply by brute force is an impossible task, but CG’s strike of luck created a powerful momentum that diminished potential resistance to change. Without this, CG and his CFTs would probably have faced a much more daunting task if the turnaround had taken place few years earlier. But it was not all luck. CG a used the bankruptcy strategic in the meaning of unfreezing the organization in Lewins words or as Cotter expresses it â€Å"creating a burning platform†. By telling the story over and over again he made the organization and every employee ready for change.When everyone was ready CG created a vision that was tangible, concise, and easy to relate to for the employees. It is not enough to create a great vision. It also has to be communicated effectively to the organization. CG was aware of this as the quote below shows â€Å"He was the first manager to actually walk around the entir e company and meet every employee in person, shaking hands and introducing himself†. CG was prepared to â€Å"walk the talk† himself and did so by taking the lead and thereby showing the employees the way. 3. 0 Conclusion: All in all I think CG did an incredible job turning Nissan around in a very short period of time.Inspired by the voting we have done in the class, I would give him a 12, the highest mark. As a non-Japanese COO he managed to overcome Japanese cultural obstacles, as well as effectively transforming a bureaucratic organizational culture and turning a large continuing deficit into a profit within 12 month. One could question though whether his successor will be able to continue what CG started or if he needs to find his own way. Either way, CG has a justifiable concern for the future of Nissan. They might be on the right path, but they are still far from reaching their goals.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Biography of Dr.Jose Rizal

This is not so! To support this argument Michael Faraday is the perfect example. Faraday didn't receive a formal education, yet through the dint of hard work and sheer determination he became one of the 19'Th Century. Michael Faraday belonged to the poor family of a blacksmith. His parents were so poor that they were not able to send Faraday to school. At a time when all boys of his age went to school, Faraday was ngaged in menial work.Due to the crushing poverty of his family, Faraday was forced to take up several odd Jobs that taught him how to fend for himself when he was still a minor. However, in the course of time, Faradays hard work and a flair for science made him one of the most successful scientists of his time in England. Faraday took deep interest in science and made a significant contribution to the study of physics and chemistry. Faraday had an extraordinary number of ingenious ways to work out on scientific methods. This special ability of Faradays astonished many reno wned scientists of his time.Faraday was the first scientist who succeeded in liquefying a permanent gas. This was without doubt a great discovery of his time. Moreover, Faraday is much acclaimed for his major contribution to electricity and magnetism. It was Faraday who laid the foundation of the electric motor, the generator, the transformer, etc. As with physics Faraday was also interested In chemistry. He discovered benzene and used it for different purposes In fact, Faraday didn't have a university education; but he was still unanimously appointed professor of chemistry at the Royal Institution.This was the acknowledgement of his rofound knowledge and Ingenious capacity to deal with scientific methods. Faradays lectures on science were highly knowledge and fully of witty remarks. In order to give due respect to Michael Faraday, a unit of electricity was named after him. It is called â€Å"Farad† this Is the unit to measures an amount of electrical charge. In the course of time, Faraday developed generators and transformers which were regarded as major Inventions of 19'Th century. Not only this, Faraday Is also remembered for having coined new technical words used In electricity Ilke Ion, electrode, cathode, and anode etc.MICHAEL FARADAY was born on September 22, 1791, In Newington Butts, London In 1786. By profession, Mr. James Faraday and Mrs. Margaret Hastwell migrated from Clapham, Yorkshire, to London In 1786. By profession, Mr. James Faraday was a blacksmith, and he was managing to survive on a very meager Income. Faradays early childhood was spent In poverty and hardship. When Faraday was a young boy of ten, he saw all his playmates going to school. Like many other boys, Faraday also wanted go to school , therefore he repeatedly Implored his father to send him to school but his father would say , â€Å"next year†, and that next year never came.As a result , all his life Faraday was deprived of school and a university education. Actually Mr. Faraday wanted to send his son to school , but he was simply unable duo to his very poor financial state. HIS Income was quite low and also not very reliable. Due to such an erratic Income from his profession Mr. Faraday could not send his son to send him to a school. â€Å"l should do something to educate myself. † Although Faraday was not going to school, he had an unusual obsession for reading and collecting books of all kinds. His interest chiefly lay in science.He began to collect good books o matter how expensive they were and , to meet the expenses of buying books ; Faraday began to do all sorts of odd Jobs that came his way. Faradays love for books was well known among his friends. One fine morning, Faraday was going to a Job when he met one of his bosom pals, he informed Faraday about a Job opportunity available in a bookbinding shop. This was absolutely fabulous news for Faraday because he knew working in a bookbinding shop meant getting an opportunity to read plenty of books.Faraday immediately changed direction and headed towards the bookbinder's shop and asked the owner for the Job. The owner of the bookbinding shop was Mr. Riebau who was a kind man. He agreed to employ Faraday on a nominal wage, but for Faraday a Job in a bookbinding shop was more valuable than any wage. Faraday was extremely happy with his new Job. He would go to work well before the duty time and leave late in the evening. Faraday would also bring some books with him whose delivery was to be made little late. Faraday started serious study of any science books which fell into his hand.He had taken a keen interest in science , but especially in physics and chemistry. It became a routine for Faraday to study late into the night , but sometimes he would even remain awake for the whole night and read an entire book in a single sitting. Faraday worked in Mr. Riebau's bookbinding shop for over eight years. After 8 years of service in Mr. Riebau's shop , Faraday then Joined in Mr. De La Roche's bookbinding shop. Here too Faraday did his work with complete dedication and gave his mater no opportunity to make a complaint against him.During this period Faraday had successfully managed to collect his own personal library which he kept in his little bedroom where he would study physics and chemistry with complete dedication. While reading science and the works of great scientists , Faraday began to nurture a desire of becoming a scientists deep in his heart. One day a satisfied costumer gave a ticket to Faraday. The ticket was a gate-pass to attend lecture of Sir Humphrey Daw at Royal Institute. Faraday was very grateful to the gentleman who have him the ticket as he was very eager to attend the lectures.On the day of Daws lectures Faraday reached the hall almost an hour early and secure his seat in the first row so that he could see and hear Daws lecture clearly. One by one Faraday attended all the lectures of Sir. Humphrey Daw. Sir Humphrey Daws learned lectures left a profound impression on Faraday. While Sir Daw was delivering lectures , Faraday has noted down every single important fact in his notebook. Later he carefully studied those notes and wrote several pages which he made into a thick book and went straight to Humphrey Daws house.Faraday handed over this book to Sir Humphrey Daw and requested him to read in his leisure time. Sir Daw studied Faradays book and found it very interesting. A few days later Faraday asked Sir Daws opinion about his book , Sir Daw said he was impressed by his work and these words of Sir Daw were more than enough to nspire a young man like Faraday. Faradays meeting with Sir Daw left a good impression upon Sir Daws mind. A few months later Faraday sought a Job in Sir Daws laboratory, because he was eager to see scientific experiments close-up. as extremely glad as he had the opportunity to work under the guidance of Sir Daw, a renowned scientist of his time. Faraday was very delighted in order to i mprove his understanding of science. Sir Daw taught him several important aspects of physics and chemistry that tremendously helped to expand Faradays mental horizon . Sir Daw was also very satisfied at seeing Faradays rapid progress as he was picking up verything very quickly. After one year of hard work , Faraday has the opportunity to be one of the members of Sir Daws entourage on a European tour.On this important tour , Sir Daw delivered many erudite lectures that Faraday had noted down in his notebooks. Faraday had also received some rare opportunities to meet with some renowned scientists. Faraday duly capitalised on this opportunity to improve his scientific Knowledge. While Faraday was doing very well in science , Mrs. Daw never treated Faraday as more than a servant , but Faraday never made any complaint about her obnoxious behaviour to Sir Daw. Faraday remained a through gentleman all his life. Upon his return from the tour on 1815 , Faraday became even more ambitious to b e a scientist then he was before.Now he wanted to establish his own identity as a scientist rather than Just as a working assistant in Sir Daws laboratory. So Faraday began to study will all his ability. Faraday seriously began making a series of experiments until late into the night. On the basis of his long-time experiments and through study of science. He eventually developed electromagnetic rotations. Faraday showed his discoveries to Sir Daw and asked his opinion for its publication n the scientific Journal, but Sir Daw delayed giving his opinion on Faradays discoveries and that soured their relationship.Sir Daw did not acknowledge Faradays achievement at the first sight and never gave the ideas for this. Anyway , Faraday was most embarrassed at receiving such a cold reception from Sir Daw. However , without getting Sir Daws approval, Faraday published his works on electromagnetic rotation. When Faradays papers were published in a reputed science Journal, Sir Daw blamed Faraday for publishing his papers without his acknowledgement. After the publication of Faradays papers in the science Journal hose scientists who disliked Faraday accused him of stealing or plagiarizing the ideas of other scientists.Faraday did not lend an ear to the clamor his opponents were making, Instead Faraday went on with more experiments and published many scientific papers in several Journals. Faraday succeeded to liquefy chlorine in 1823 and proved that a gas can also be liquefied. Slowly but steadily , Faraday was emerging from obscurity into the limelight as a rising scientist. Faraday submitted an application to the Royal Institute in 1824 and sought to be elected a fellow of the Royal Institute , but his application was ruthlessly turned down.Later it was suspected that actually Sir Daw did not want to see Faraday sitting equal to him. In spite of Sir Daws strong opposition , the following year Faraday was elected a fellow of the Royal Society and later directory of the labo ratory of the Royal Institute. Faraday took special interest in the study of electromagnetic function. After a series of experiments , he discovered electromagnetic induction , the battery , the electric arc , and electrostatics. These were some of the major discoveries which duly lifted eputation to a new height as a most brilliant scientist.The loads of work and staying up late into night caused severe harm to his health. Due to heavy workload, he often Faraday complained of losing his memory and that made him unable to write about studying or experiment on new things as freely as he wanted. Faraday passed away peacefully at the age of 76 in his arm chair on August 25 , 1867. Faraday discoveries and inventions created new avenues in the field of science and technology. Faraday was without doubt one of the foremost scientist who set the foundations of scientific discovery.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Evolution and Planet Earth essays

Evolution and Planet Earth essays For some unknown reason, the belief that human beings came from monkeys has been a translation of the theory of evolution. This is one of the biggest misconceptions in the many myths regarding evolution. Evolution is a process that explains why life on Earth looks the way it does today. It provides a theoretical look at the changes that life, as we know it has undergone. Over time, plants and animals have changed and still change to adapt to their varying environments. These adaptations are a result of the catalyst of evolution known as natural selection. For any species, only the strongest and most well-adapted individuals will survive. This alone is why humans appear as they do today. Human evolution has nothing to do with the descent of humans from monkeys. Evolution has been widely discussed and heatedly argued. Although there are arguments against it, evolution has taken a strong foothold in the scientific community. Evolution has shaped and is still shaping life on Earth. However, a problem with looking at evolution is the amount of time it takes for this process to occur. Because of this, we must look at the evidence that has been found over long periods. One example is variation and change. It is evident to the naked eye that except for identical twins, which are easily explained not all living things (plants, animals, and mammals) are exactly alike. Life is constantly varying and changing to take on a form superior to its ancestors. This accounts for cattle being born with no horns, sheep with short legs, and in 1849, and a grapevine producing a new species of grapes now known as Concord. One powerful example is a new grass, formed from two species crossing, growing so quickly and efficiently it killed off its parents. Another example that favors evolution is the remains left behind in fossils. Although it is true not all living things become fossils upon death, variation and change can be viewed in fossil remains. One ...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Should I Take AP Calculus AB or AP Calculus BC

Should I Take AP Calculus AB or AP Calculus BC SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you trying to decide between taking AB or BC Calculus? Or are you just wondering what the difference between the two classes is? We’ll help you decide which AP Calculus class to take, based on your prerequisite classes, college plans, and career goals. Overview Calculus AB and Calculus BC are both designed to be college-level calculus courses. As such, the main prerequisite for both AB and BC Calculus is pre-Calculus. When it comes to the AP Calculus classes, you have three options: you can take AB and BC Calculus as a sequence, take AB Calculus only, or skip AB Calculus and go straight to BC Calculus. The reason you can take one or the other is because AB and BC aren’t totally different classes. BC Calculus includes everything in AB Calculus, plus a few extra topics. You’ll actually get an AB Calculus sub-score when you take the BC exam. So Calculus BC is not necessarily more difficult than Calculus AB. BC Calculus has to move faster because it covers more material, which is what makes it more intense than AB. Some schools teach APCalculus BC in two class periods to fit in all the material or have more intensive summer assignments. APCalculus BC courses often cover everything in Calculus AB in the first semester, while AB stretches that material out over a full year. If you decide to take Calculus AB and Calculus BC as a sequence – for example take AB Calculus junior year and then BC Calculus senior year – you don’t have to worry about picking between the two classes. But if you only have room for one AP Calculus class (as most people do), which one should you take? We’ll tell you the topics and discuss the benefits of each option below. APCalculus AB Topics Functions, Graphs, and Limits Derivatives Applications of Derivatives Integrals Applications of Integrals Source: AP Central APCalculus BC Topics Functions, Graphs, and Limits Derivatives Applications of Derivatives Integrals Applications of Integrals Polynomial Approximations and Series Series of Constants Taylor Series Source: AP Central Should You Jump to AP Calculus BC? If you’re up to the challenge, jumping from pre-calculus to Calculus BC can be a great option. This could be especially good if you want to study engineering or natural science in college. Taking Calculus BC shows motivation and drive when it comes to math, and you’ll need strong math skills as an engineering or science major. If you’re big on math, you could take an even more advanced calculus course at a local university or community college as a senior (that is if you take AP Calculus BC junior year). You can also make room for AP Statistics, Economics, or Computer Science in your senior year. Jumping to AP Calculus BC gives you a chance to really challenge yourself as a high school student. It’s also important to note, at some schools, you can drop down to the AB Calculus course if you find that BC is too challenging. This might be a good option if you’re pretty sure you want to take BC Calculus but aren’t positive you will be able to keep up. (Of course, check with your guidance counselor before you sign up to make sure this is possible.) Finally, taking and passing the BC Calculus exam gives you more math credit in college in the vast majority of cases. This is helpful for future engineering and natural science majors since you can jump into required math courses sooner. To give just one example, at the University of Michigan College of Engineering, getting a 5 on AB Calculus gets you 4 credit hours, but getting a 5 on BC Calculus gets you 8 credit hours. (To look up the credit policy at any university, check out the AP’s college database.) Should You Take AB Calculus Instead? Even though you often get more college credit for BC Calculus, taking AB Calculus can be a great option as well. You will still get a calculus background that'll set you up for college math. Although you won’t get to the extra topics that BC Calculus covers, you'll still learn core calculus concepts like limits, derivatives, and integrals. This will give you the fundamentals you need for tougher college math courses. You'll definitely know what this is by the end of AB Calculus! You’re less likely to be overwhelmed and burn out in AB Calculus, as well. Since BC Calculus has to cover more material in one year, at many schools it has more frequent and harder assignments. AB Calculus is definitely challenging, but it doesn't move as fast, so it's less likely you'll fall behind. Taking AB Calculus might free up your schedule for an additional class. Since some schools teach BC over two class periods, you might not be able to fit in a different AP class or extracurricular. But AB Calculus will just be one class period, which could leave you room for another class. And finally, in some cases, you’ll get the same math placement as you would for BC Calculus if you get a very good AP Exam score. (Read more about AP Exam scoring here.) For example, at my alma mater Stanford, if you had a 5 on AB Calculus, you would get placed in the same math course as students who had gotten a 4 or 5 on BC Calculus. Again, check the credit policy at the schools you’re interested in to see how much of a difference there is between AB and BC credit. Should You Take AB Calculus Then BC Calculus? Some people consider taking AB Calculus first then BC Calculus the following year. They're often tempted to do this if they don't feel quite prepared enough to start with BC Calculus, but they want extra college credits for passing the AP exam or they want to impress colleges by taking the more difficultAP calculus class. In most cases, we don't recommend taking both AB and BC Calculus. AB Calculus and BC Calculus are similar enough that taking them one after the other will be a lot like taking the same class twice, and it'll probably be pretty boring for you. Taking both also usually won't help your college applications because it will look like you needed two years to learn calculus instead of one. Also, if you're looking to get a lot of college credits from your AP classes, you can usually get more from taking AB Calculus and another non-calculus AP than you would from taking both AB and BC Calculus. If you were considering taking both AB and BC Calculus but aren't sure which one to take now, keep reading for the questions you should ask yourself. How Should You Decide? Still not sure which class is the best for you? Consider the following questions. #1: Are You Prepared For AP Calculus? Have you taken algebra II and pre-calculus? These are the main prerequisite courses at most schools for AP Calculus. If you haven’t taken pre-calculus yet, don’t worry about deciding which calculus class you want to take just yet. Focus on doing well in pre-calc! #2: Did You Do Well in Pre-Calculus? Say you’ve taken or are currently taking pre-calculus. It’s possible to get by in many math classes by doing the problems and memorizing formulas but not truly understanding the material. However, a solid understanding of pre-calc is necessary to do well in either AP Calculus class, but especially if you’re making the jump to BC. How can you tell if you truly understand pre-calculus? See if you can explain your pre-calculus homework to a friend or younger sibling. If you can teach something, odds are you know it pretty well. However, if you struggle to explain a concept, it might be a sign you don’t know the material very deeply. If you're not sure you get pre-calculus, consider taking AB Calculus, since it moves slower and you'll have more time to learn the concepts. #3: Is There a Placement Exam? This is another practical consideration. At some schools, you have to pass a placement exam to get into AB and/or BC Calculus. Don’t count your chickens before they’ve hatched – make sure you pass the placement exam for AP Calculus before worrying about which course to take. #4: Is There a Summer Assignment? Many schools have summer assignments for AP Calculus, since there is a lot of material to cover during the year. BC Calculus is more likely to have a longer assignment. If you can, ask the teachers for copies of their summer assignments to see what they’re like. Also think about your summer schedule. For example, have you already committed to a camp or service trip that’s going to take up most of your summer? If you’re not sure you’ll have time to complete the BC summer assignment, you might want to consider taking AB instead. You don’t want to start out the year behind! If you've committed to a service trip abroad, you might not have time for summer BC Calculus homework. #5: Will Taking AP Calculus BC Change Your Schedule? As we discussed above, some schools require more class periods for BC Calculus since it covers more material. Would this cause you to have to give up an extracurricular, like band or newspaper? Or give you less flexibility in other parts of your schedule? If you have to give up an extracurricular you’re very involved in, a language course, or another AP class, you'll have to decide if taking BC Calculus is worth it for you. If you want to study science or engineering, it likely will be. But if you’re undecided or think you’re going into the humanities or social sciences, it might be better to take AB Calculus. #6: What's Your Future Major? Push for BC Calculus if you’re fairly certain you want to pursue engineering, natural sciences, or pre-medicine studies in college. BC Calculus will allow you to challenge yourself with a fast-moving, college-level math course, which will give you the skills you will need for engineering and science classes. If you’re going to study the humanities/social sciences, AB Calculus is likely to be plenty to meet your future college’s basic math requirement. And even if you have to take a few math classes in college, AB Calculus will give the preparation you need. #7: What Are the Teachers Like? Often, some of the best math teachers at a school teach the AP courses. But it’s also possible that less effective teachers end up in those classes, especially if more students than expected sign up for AP Calculus. So how do you figure out whether the AP Calculus teachers are your school are good? How To Scope Out Classes Ask for a copy of this year’s syllabus for both AB and BC Calculus. See the workload is like. Also see how the teacher integrates practice AP problems and full exams. If AP exam practice isn't part of the course, that can be a red flag. Talk to current students about how they like the class. Older siblings and their friends, as well as older friends from clubs and sports, are a good place to start. Ask if they feel prepared for the AP test and/or feel confident about the material. Don't trust student word-of-mouth entirely, but if you hear the same thing from multiple students (â€Å"the BC calculus teacher is amazing!") it’s probably true. Ask your guidance counselor about the teacher’s AP test passing rate if they’ve been teaching the class for a while. If they have a high passing rate (above the national average) that’s a good sign. If it’s markedly lower, you might want to reconsider. One thing to keep in mind: it’s possible that if your school has an excellent BC teacher but a less strong AB teacher, BC could actually be easier since you’ll be learning the same concepts with a better teacher. If you’re especially reliant on your teachers in math classes, you might want to take the course with the better teacher. On the flipside, if the AP Calculus AB teacher is excellent and the AP Calculus BCteacher is not, it would be smart to start with AB Calculus to get a strong foundation before attempting BC. The Bottom Line Take BC Calculus If†¦ You feel confident about your math skills and want to challenge yourself You’ve taken math through Pre-Calculus You can pass any required placement tests You want to pursue engineering/natural science/pre-medicine studies in college The class and teacher at your school seem good (no obvious red flags in terms of student word-of-mouth or AP test passing rate) Take AB Calculus If†¦ You want or need more flexibility in your schedule You've taken math through Pre-Calculus You’re less confident in your math skills and/or want to ramp up to BC Calculus after taking AB Calculus You can pass any required placement tests You plan on studying the humanities or social sciences in college The class and teacher at your school seem good What’s Next? Getting strong SAT/ACT math scores is important for college too, especially if you’re a future engineer. Get tips for a perfect SAT math score or a perfect ACT math score. Which other math classes should you take? Check out our guide to the math classes you should take in high school. Interested in math competitions like the International Math Olympiad? See our guide for passing the qualifying tests – the AMC 10 and the AMC 12. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Wk10 Comment from Peers DQ1AE and DQ2 CK Assignment

Wk10 Comment from Peers DQ1AE and DQ2 CK - Assignment Example I also liked the comment you mentioned in your response which stated that companies that have good corporate governance are worth nearly 27% more. This statement clearly shows that ethical conduct is expected and rewarded in the marketplace by investors. â€Å"Ethical conduct is something that becomes inherent in an organization over a long period of time (Raymond, 2011). DQ2 - I agree with you that corporate officers did not have must accountability in the past. This all changed with the creation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Today corporate executive officers such as CEOs which are found guilty of fraudulent behavior can receive up to 20 years of prison time (Sox-Online). Criminal penalties are covered by section 802 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Now that corporate executives face such steep and severe penalties for white collar crimes they will think twice before committing this type of criminal behavior. I like and I believe in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, but the costs to implement the Act are extremely high. It is estimated that first year compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act can cost upwards of $4.6 million (D’Aquila, 2009). The SEC should look for ways to reduce the constraints and mandates that are driving cost upwards in the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley

Friday, November 1, 2019

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 33

Case Study - Essay Example This essay focuses on the advantages of making use of networking based system in the company. Moreover, the steps into which the formulation of the project should through are discussed. A cost estimation of the project is also put into consideration. Transforming JAMS manufacturing company to a networking based system, replacing the older machines with new ones and inclusion of additional servers for the networks, will give the company a wide variety of advantages. Replacing the older machines with new ones and upgrading the computers will make transformation to the networked system an easier task. For instance, Microsoft Windows 95 or Windows 98 will be limited to using peer-to-peer network. Upgrading the computers with Windows such as NetWare or Windows NT will allow configuration of the computers to a server-based network which have lots of pros compared to peer-to-peer network (Entrepreneur Media, 2015). Networks allow connection of computers and users of the computers in a premise (Kozierok, 2005). In this case, JAM Company can make use of Wide Area Networks (WAN) which will make it possible for network users to communicate to each other. This will make transmission of business information more efficient, easier and less ex pensive than it would be without the network. Moreover, networking allows for sharing of data (Kozierok, 2005). Before, employees would make use of â€Å"shoe-based network† which meant transmission of data physically. For this reason, work was hectic and tiresome. Networking allows thousands of employees in the company to share data much more easily and quickly. The use of internet has become a must thing for every organization. Small computer networks allow multiple users to share a single internet connection. This makes connection easier to allocate to various individuals as they need it and allow the organization

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Library research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Library research - Essay Example Jimenez, E., Tejeda, A., Blanco, J. and Martinez, E. â€Å"Application of lean production with VSM to the Rioja wine sector.† International Journal of Production Research 50.7 (2012): 1890-1904. Print. The article reports on a study on the use of lean production in wine sector in La Rioja. Its subject, lean production is a theory that aims at achieving economic utilization of resources towards optimum production levels, is a topic in operations management. The authors focus on lean production in a different sector from the theory’s traditional industry of application and investigate potential use of the lean production theory for economic utility of resources in the La Rioja’s wine sector towards optimum benefits. Operations management however defines management of processes in production and transportation of goods and services to users and this incorporates lean production concepts at the management’s production stage. The authors identify significance o f lean production in attaining competitiveness and efficiency and the fact that lean production has not been popular in many sectors. The theory establishes and eliminates all activities and processes in a production that do not benefit the process. Using Main Stream Mapping, the authors demonstrates applicability of lean production in La Rioja’s wine sector with the objective of making inference from the results. Lean production was developed in Japan’s motor vehicle industry but its advantages such as lower change periods, better working environments, quality workforce and accurate improvement initiatives has extended its popularity and application in other industries. Results show â€Å"reduction in raw materials† that â€Å"clarifying and quality test process† aids as well as lower inventory level for the organizations in the region’s wine sector. A number of benefits to the sector are attributed to the lean production strategy and examples inc lude lower overall production lead-time that can reduce by up to 60 percent, lower cost of raw materials from reduced volume, and this decrease can be as much as 13 percent of an organization’s expenditure on raw materials. The production approach also reduces losses and depreciation in materials’ value over the production process and facilitates communication between involved parties and departments in a production process. Improved efficiency in space and equipment utilization and better allocation of human resources across the production process are other identified benefits from the study. The results are valid because of their simulation in the target population with positive outcomes (Jimenez, Perez, Blanco and Martinez 1890- 1902). The article demonstrates the role of operations management, through lean production, in organization’s production efficiency and profitability. It identifies efficiency through improvements in production activities and processe s such as economical utility of time, space and human resource and improved quality that is also a result of the efficiency. This corresponds to the overall management objective, considering operations management as a branch of management, of reducing overall costs and improving overall revenues. The article therefore explains the role of oper

Monday, October 28, 2019

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Soldiers in Iran Essay Example for Free

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Soldiers in Iran Essay Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The conditions of post-traumatic conditions have been one of the major side effects on soldiers engaging wars and negative environment in the area of Iran. The psychological impact of this event involves various manifestations that prove to be non-beneficial and may even impair the psychological, mental, emotional and physical health of these soldiers. Even though the condition is widely known, the advent of social conflicts and emerging wars in the Pakistani- Iran environment has continuously caused the negative trauma among soldiers facing the threats. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD) in Soldiers in Iran Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In general psychological perspective, soldiers who engage in war with exposure to at least one battle can suffer trauma. The longer the exposure to war’s traumatic circumstances the deeper the post-traumatic sense of a life-death continuum that rests at the heart of the PTSD syndrome. Soldiers with exposure to trauma would experience various post-traumatic states. In a military culture that emphasizes courage under fire, counterphobic impulsivity would dominate as the ideal mental and emotion state, and promoted the aggressive personality. Each soldier has a breaking point at which phobia breaks through. In some cases, phobia dominated from the beginning. The point at which the soldier’s spirit broke would lead to a state pf phobic withdrawal. In either case, the exposure to battle or an environment where death and dying by implements of war were common would create a life-death continuum (Reid, 2001 p.427).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As soldiers rotated home or were sent home wounded, difficulties became apparent. While many came home and resumed their lives, some brought home drug dependencies and emotional problems, including explosive anger, distrust of others and vigilance beyond what was considered normal. The problems came to the attention of the medical groups, Andover time, doctors and psychiatrists began to elaborate on the concept of traumatic stress and PSTD (Roberts, 2003 p. 6). The most immediate effects of traumatic scenarios are manifested in the sensory that causes overload through sudden exposure to the bewildering, often exotic details of a much less advanced and alien society. Iran-American soldiers are both victims of the traumatic events experienced in the war; thus, engages these individuals in PSTD. Discussion PSTD: An Overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is now referred to as PSTD has been around since recorded history under many different designations and description, and the most prominent manifestations are for those individuals who engage in traumatic events, such as war and deviant phenomenon (Lewis, 2006 p,63). PSTD occurs in response to the personal experience of overwhelming, terrifying, potentially lethal stress directed toward oneself or someone with whom the individual has a close attachment. The condition is a unique mental disorder that develops directly as a result of exposure to some type of trauma (Lewis, 2006 p,62). Examples of possible precipitations of PSTD would include severe automobile accidents, being raped or assaulted, and being exposed violent events. The individual then re-experiences the event in various ways, such as recurrent stressful recollections of the event, dreams of the event, and a sense that the traumatic event may be occurring again. The individual then attempts to avoid such cues in different methodologies, such as numbing of responses or becoming distant and removed (Mitchell, 2001 p.107).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the field of traumatic stress studies, it has been common, if not traditionally accepted, to define trauma by the nature of the stressors that influence the individual. Psychologically traumatic event can be construed as one in which the person has experienced an external stressor event that is injurious to the normal state and results in a condition that reflects this injury to the pre-traumatic state of being (Lewis, 2006 p,62-63). Thus, the injury caused by a traumatic event could produce varying degrees of distress to the victim for varying lengths of time, depending on the nature of the person, the nature of the traumatic experience, and the personal and social resources available for recovery and re-stabilization of the psychological state (Williams, 1994 p.7). PSTD is an unusual emotional disorder in that unlike disorders, such as depression and panic disorder, it is not defined simply in terms of its symptoms. To qualify for a diagnosis of PSTD, an individual must be exposed to an incident in which he or she feels that his or her life, safety, or emotional integrity has been seriously threatened. Often, for victims who have experienced a traumatic event, they may first be diagnosed with an adjustment disorder or an acute stress disorder (Lewis, 2006 p,62). Wars have provided a setting where large numbers of soldiers, subjected to varying degrees of stress, could be observed and studied by physicians of the period. The stress caused by war has been codified and labeled with such terms as: combat exhaustion, traumatic war neurosis, war or combat stress and, most recently, PSTD (Scrignar, 1991 p.87). Assessing traumatic experiences and understanding their impact on the trauma victim involve determining what is stored in the trauma network. While keeping the stimulus, response, and meaning dimensions in mind, the clinician should listen carefully to the clients account of the trauma, and then inquire explicitly about memory elements that are absent or de-emphasized (Williams, 1992 p.24). PSTD symptoms are generally grouped into three categories (Lewis, 2006 p,63) Re-experiencing includes disturbed sleep, intrusive memories, distressing dreams, nightmares, flashbacks, reliving the event, a view of the world as unsafe. Numbing and avoidance mistrust of others, isolation and disconnection, emotional or psychic numbness, low self-esteem, neglect of health, dissociation, ability to remember memories or feelings but not both, memory loss for certain events, loss of faith and hope. Hyperarousal – intense emotions, difficulty sleeping, panic and anxiousness, self-harm, risky behaviors, irritability, anger, difficulty concentrating. PSTD: Sufferings of the Soldiers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the aftermath of September 11, many parents and educators have struggled to help young people cope with traumatic events and have sought out ways to teach about crises without causing more trauma and stress. The conflict between Iran and United States has been pushed to its very limits; hence, initiated catastrophic moves during 2001 up to present, which caused the another class of America-Iran war. Many studies conducted by the American Psychiatric Association indicated that many American soldiers experience post-traumatic stress disorder, which follows a psychologically traumatic event outside of the range of usual human experiences. The symptoms may include nightmares, depression, withdrawal, hopelessness, sleep disorders, and other somatic complaints. The terrorism of September 11, 2001, and its association with Afghanistan have only added to the stress faced by the soldiers as well as the refugees living in the area as well as United States (Andrews and Boyle, 2002 p.328).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Military psychologists have long known that fear, stress, and exhaustion cause more casualties than do bombs and bullets. The ratios of psychological to physical casualties can be enormous considering the fact that war-related trauma is potentially severe, repeated and prolonged. Many American soldiers who fought for Iran and Afghanistan war during terrorism counter-siege have experienced immense manifestations psychological torture. According to psychological analysts, the primary goal of terrorism is to inflict psychological trauma for political ends. The exploitation of terror for political purposes is hardly new, when the French government employed terrorism to buttress the revolution (Allen, 2005 p.9).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to statistics issued by United States Army of mental health, 76% of soldiers have been traumatized by deaths or severe injuries of individuals close to them, while 55% of the soldiers have experienced near-death situations (e.g. bomb explosions, bomb trap, and roadside explosions). These causations have been deemed as the primary contributor to the occurrence of the said conditions (Weinstein, 2006). The table below shows the decline and rise of lethality, fatality and psychological trauma caused by the terrorism in the surveyed American military force. Table 1. Decline and Rise of Lethality, Fatality and Psychological Trauma Caused by the Terrorism Year U.S Dept. of State # Incidents U.S. Dept. of State # of Fatalities U.S Dept. of State #. Psychologically Traumatized 1994 322 314 663 1995 440 177 6,277 1996 296 314 2,915 1997 304 221 693 1998 273 741 5,952 1999 392 233 706 2000 423 405 791 2001 567 * 50,000 8,902 2002 663 * 20,000 16,321 Note: * Data are crude estimates only since, the number of fatalities is yet to be determined due to lack of data available. Source: Das and Peter, 2003 p.43-44   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The table above shows variably rising and falling statistics with certain timeline that determines the probable cause of the rise and fall. For example, the recent terrorism attacks of 2001 has caused immense fatalities, and the number continued to progress but greatly lowered since most of the fatalities during 2002 are mostly from military activities. However, sad to say, the number of those who has been traumatized increased in two-folds due to the war that these military powers engaged. The trauma caused by war caused psychological impact due to trauma among these soldiers as manifested by the table statistics above; hover, PSTD may not be the sole classification of the trauma caused by the said impact. Other psychological trauma-related conditions have been reported to occur in these soldiers, such as phobia, severe anxiety disorders, etc (Das and Peter, 2003 p.45-46).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Post-traumatic conditions have been found to most of the soldiers that entered the episodes of war. Only recently (2006), the Ministry of Defense has decided to reward $375,000 upon membership to Armed Forces who have suffered PSTD from Iraq-American wars (Evans, 2006). The federal government has allotted these funds in order to provide free treatment of those soldiers who incur physical and psychological damage from the field, such as those with PSTD. Medications for PSTD patients, such as Fluoexetine, sertraline, paroxetine, propanolol, have been provided by the government in order to ensure the treatment progression of these soldiers. Furthermore, psychological counseling, treatment and management for remedy of phobia or trauma have been initiated through federal government’s grants (Weinstein, 2006; Evans, 2006). References: Allen, J. G. (2005). Coping with Trauma: Hope Through Understanding. American Psychiatric Pub. Andrews, M. M., Boyle, J. S. (2002). Transcultural Concepts in Nursing Care. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Das, D. K., Kratcoski, P. C. (2003). Meeting the Challenges of Global Terrorism: Prevention, Control, and Global Terrorism. Lexington Books. Evans, M. (2006, November 17). MoD agrees  £375,000 for post-trauma stress. Retrieved January 10, 2008, from Times Online: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/iraq/article1087438.ece Lewis, G. W. (2006). Organizational Crisis Management: The Human Factor. CRC Press. Matiolli, D. J. (2003, January). War with Iraq. Social Education, 67, Mitchell, J. (2001). Points of View: Stories of Psychopathology. Psychology Press. Reid, J. J. (2000). Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: Prelude to Collapse 1839-1878. Franz Steiner Verlag. Roberts, C. A. (2003). Coping with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Guide for Families. McFarland Company. Scott, M. J., Stradling, S. G. (2000). Counselling for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. SAGE. Scrignar, C. B. (1991). Stress Strategies: The Treatment of the Anxiety Disorders. Wellness Institute, Inc.. Weinstein, M. N. (2006, January). The Psychological Dilemma of Terrorism Post 9-11. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 3, Williams, M. B. (1994). Handbook of Post-Traumatic Therapy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.